In the study presented in this paper we investigate how variations of information scent of hyperlinks of a webpage influence users’ behavior in terms of attention-focusing, confidence, effectiveness and efficiency, while exploring a website. In the reported study, 19 participants completed eight different tasks associated with eight simplified websites. Analysis of the results showed that even ...

this paper employs nonlinear disturbance observer (ndo) for robust trajectory-free nonlinear model predictive control (nmpc) of biped robots. the ndo is used to reject the additive disturbances caused by parameter uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, joints friction, and external slow-varying forces acting on the biped robots. in contrary to the slow-varying disturbances, handling sudden pushing ...

Herbivore foraging theories have been developed for and tested on herbivores across a range of sizes. Due to logistical constraints, however, little research has focused on foraging behavior of megaherbivores. Here we present a research approach that explores megaherbivore foraging behavior, and assesses the applicability of foraging theories developed on smaller herbivores to megafauna. With s...

Barron and Klein (1) define consciousness very narrowly, excluding most of the attributes commonly associated with it (e.g., self-awareness). By limiting the definition to a form of information processing, they find that insects qualify. However, just to put this conclusion in perspective, by the same definition, some robots are also conscious and capable of subjective experience. Autonomous, s...

Barron and Klein (1) define consciousness very narrowly, excluding most of the attributes commonly associated with it (e.g., self-awareness). By limiting the definition to a form of information processing, they find that insects qualify. However, just to put this conclusion in perspective, by the same definition, some robots are also conscious and capable of subjective experience. Autonomous, s...

In this paper we describe an approach to adap-tive navigation assistance that is meant to enhance a user's information scent. The navigation assistance is composed of a combination of predictive user navigation modeling and common information retrieval methods. Besides assistance in forward browsing, the assistant helps users in deciding when to switch to searching or backtracking, while taking...

The objective of the p-center problem is to locate p-centers on a network such that the maximum of the distances from each node to its nearest center is minimized. The artificial bee colony algorithm is a swarm-based meta-heuristic algorithm that mimics the foraging behavior of honey bee colonies. This study proposes a modified ABC algorithm that benefits from a variety of search strategies to ...

Indirect risk effects of predators on prey behavior can have more of an impact on prey populations than direct consumptive effects. Predation risk can elicit more vigilance behavior in prey, reducing the amount of time available for other activities, such as foraging, which could potentially reduce foraging efficiency. Understanding the conditions associated with predation risk and the specific...

This paper gives proof of convergence for a learning algorithm that describes how anoles (lizards found in the Caribbean) learn foraging threshold distance. An anole will pursue a prey if and only if it is within this threshold of the anole's perch. The learning algorithm was proposed by Roughgarden and his colleagues. They experimentally determined that this algorithm quickly converges to the ...

in this paper, the important formation control problem of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots is investigated via a leader-follower strategy. to this end, the dynamics model of the considered wheeled mobile robot is derived using lagrange equations of motion. then, using adams multi-body simulation software, the obtained dynamics of the wheeled system in matlab software is verified. after that, ...