Researchers studying alcohol absorption and metabolism in humans have been aided by the alcohol clamp method, in which alcohol is administered intravenously, allowing study participants to achieve and maintain a target breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) for an extended period of time. This tool minimizes the variability in BrACs that occurs after alcohol consumption by administering alcohol at...

INTRODUCTION Few studies have investigated the relationship between dietary pattern and household food insecurity. The objective of the present analysis was to describe the food consumption patterns and to relate these with the prevalence of food insecurity in the context of a rural community. METHODOLOGY Three hundred and seven (307) randomly selected households in Kilosa district participat...

Agricultural food production and consumption covers activities ranging from agriculture to food consumption. Pollution and food contamination related to the use of production technologies and processes, as well as from the use of products aimed at increasing agricultural yields and facilitating food conservation, have significant environmental consequences. There are a number of important issue...

BACKGROUND Dietary patterns play an important role in the control of body weight. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to verify whether changes in some dietary patterns over a 6-y follow-up period would be associated with weight changes. DESIGN A sample of 248 volunteers of the Québec Family Study were measured twice (visit 1: 1989-1994; visit 2: 1995-2000). Body weight, percentage body fat...

People are often exposed to actionable food temptations (i.e., an immediate opportunity to consume, like when friends offer cookies) and nonactionable food temptations (i.e., no immediate consumption opportunity, like ads for chocolate). The results of three experiments suggest that prior exposure to nonactionable food temptations does not prevent the activation of an eating goal, given a subse...

BACKGROUND Food reinforcement and dopaminergic activity may influence food consumption, but research on whether they interact has not been performed. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects of food reinforcement and the interaction of food reinforcement with the dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) genotype and the dopamine D(2) receptor (DRD(2)) genotype on energy consumption. DESIGN We studied food-co...

In the current investigation, we compared two methods of food presentation (simultaneous vs. sequential) to increase consumption of nonpreferred food for 3 children with food selectivity. In the simultaneous condition, preferred foods were presented at the same time as nonpreferred food (e.g., a piece of broccoli was presented on a chip). In the sequential condition, acceptance of the nonprefer...

OBJECTIVE To describe food expenditure and consumption of foods prepared away from home among Mexican adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were from 45 241 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006, a nationally-representative, cross-sectional survey of Mexican households. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to assess the r...