The innate immune pathways induced by adjuvants required to increase adaptive responses to influenza subunit vaccines are not well characterized. We profiled different TLR-independent (MF59 and alum) and TLR-dependent (CpG, resiquimod, and Pam3CSK4) adjuvants for the ability to increase the immunogenicity to a trivalent influenza seasonal subunit vaccine and to tetanus toxoid (TT) in mouse. Alt...

Influenza has been recognized as a respiratory disease in swine since its first appearance concurrent with the 1918 „„Spanish flu‟‟ human pandemic. All influenza viruses of significance in swine are type A, subtype H1N1, H1N2, or H3N2 viruses. Swine Influenza is a respiratory disease of pig caused by Type A influenza viruses. Influenza A causes moderate to severe illness and affects all age gro...

To THE EDITOR: Children have been seen as a key priority group for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza ("swine flu") vaccination. In Australia and New Zealand, children aged 04 years had the highest population rate of intensive care unit admissions for swine flu.' From 3 December 2009, the Australian Government provided free H1N1-specific influenza vaccine for all Australians aged 6 months and older...

Swine flu, a new subtype of influenza A virus H1N1, not previously detected in pigs or humans has arrived in the United Kingdom in recent months with hundreds and thousands of cases already confirmed in both adults and children. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has raised the threat level to Phase 6 (pandemic) to reflect the ongoing community outbreaks of swine flu throughout the world. So f...

BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of getting influenza than the general population, therefore putting patients at risk of nosocomial infection. Influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs is low despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. However, the reasons for such a poor uptake are not well reported in Malaysia. This study aimed at assessing the rate of ...

In the event of a bioterrorist event or a pandemic flu outbreak, it might be necessary to ration vaccine or other treatments. In this article, researchers examine how medical and public health decision makers negotiated the unanticipated 2004-05 influenza vaccine shortage, using the regional hospital system headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as the focal study site. This account of that...

BACKGROUND Recent reports have detected an increase in the number of patients with acute coronary syndromes during the flu season. In addition, the World Health Organization recommended vaccination against influenza infection for the Southern hemisphere in the winter of 2001. We evaluated the preventive impact of vaccination on subsequent ischemic events in myocardial infarction patients and in...

BACKGROUND. The world is facing a novel H1N1 influenza pandemic. A pandemic scare with a similar influenza virus in 1976 resulted in the vaccination of nearly 45 million persons. We hypothesized that prior receipt of the 1976 "swine flu" vaccine would enhance immune responses to the 2009 novel H1N1 influenza strain. METHODS. A prospective, volunteer sample of employees aged > or = 55 years at a...

©FSRH J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2009: 35(4) Introduction A new pandemic of influenza (flu) has been anticipated for some time: the last actual flu pandemic occurred in 1969/1970. [NB. A pandemic is defined as an epidemic of infectious disease that is spreading through human populations across a large region.] Pandemics of flu occur whenever the prevalent circulating strain of the flu virus...

There are conflicts on whether influenza vaccinated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are associated with a decreased immunogenicity and safety, compared with healthy controls. We conducted meta-analyses to compare SLE patients with healthy controls for flu-vaccine immunogenicity, as well as for adverse events.PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were searched by October 15, 2015. St...