In this paper, a dynamic fuzzy energy state based AODV (DFES-AODV) routing protocol for Mobile Adhoc NETworks (MANETs) is presented. In DFES-AODV route discovery phase, each node uses a Mamdani fuzzy logic system (FLS) to decide its Route REQuests (RREQs) forwarding probability. The FLS inputs are residual battery level and energy drain rate of mobile node. Unlike previous related-works, member...

One of the most common modes of failure for total knee arthroplasty is aeseptic loosening of the components [2]. Aeseptic loosening failure of both the femoral and tibial components has been shown to occur if the alignment of the knee occurs outside of ± 3° from the mechanical alignment in the coronal plane [3]. Proper mechanical alignment of the knee is dependent on the correct proximal varus/...

An investigation was carried out in which the performances of type-1 and type-2 fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) with varying number of tunable parameters were compared in their ability to predict the Mackey-Glass time series with various levels of added noise. Each of the FLSs were tuned to achieve the best possible performance using a standardised gradient descent procedure. These experiments were ...

BACKGROUND Recently, human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) gene protein has been proposed as an adjunctive follicular marker to CD10 and BCL6. METHODS Our aim was to evaluate immunoreactivity for HGAL in 82 cases of follicular lymphomas (FLs)--67 nodal, 5 cutaneous and 10 transformed--which were all analysed histologically, by immunohistochemistry and PCR. RESULTS Immunostaining ...

BACKGROUND When learning multiple tasks, blocked or random training schedules may be used. We assessed the effects of blocked and random schedules on the acquisition and retention of laparoscopic skills. METHODS Thirty-six laparoscopic novices were randomized to practice laparoscopic tasks using blocked, random, or no additional training. Participants performed immediate post-tests, followed ...

l’approche communicative, selon sa visée méthodologique, donne une importance particulière à la compétence communicative du français langue seconde (fls). d’où le report de l’enseignement de l’alphabet dans des manuels conçus selon cette approche. l’importance de l’enseignement de l’alphabet vient du fait que l’alphabet est une ouverture à la langue étrangère. dans cet article, nous nous demand...

OBJECTIVES Innate immune responses in the rheumatoid synovium contribute to inflammation and joint destruction in RA. Two IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinases, TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) family member-associated nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IKKε, potentially regulate synovitis by activating IFN response ge...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is characterized by chronic synovitis, cartilage damage and bone erosion. Both genetic and environmental factors and microbes probably play a role in pathogenesis. Microbes are recognized by Toll like receptors (TLRs) and activate innate immune response. We studied the ability of bacterial and viral products to produce matrix metallopro...

We previously demonstrated that baseline synovial overexpression of the interleukin-7 receptor α-chain (IL-7R) is associated with poor response to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockade in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We found that IL-7R gene expression is induced in fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) by the addition of TNF-α, IL-1β and combinations of TNF-α+ IL-1β or TNF-α+ IL-17, thereby sugge...

For several decades Proportional-Integral-Derivative control (PID) has been successfully used for a wide variety of industrial processes and remains the most used method. Recent work concerning the tuning of PID control coefficients has been proven to provide both robust and near-optimal performance using a Frequency Loop Shaping (FLS) procedure. The FLS tuning method minimizes the difference b...