ZYMASIS may be measured either in terms of the C02 which escapes or in terms of the products which accumulate2. In the work described in the present and in the next two papers we have usually employed the "alcohol number" to evaluate zymasis. This number denotes the sum of the concentrations (in g. per unit mass fresh weight of tissue) of ethyl alcohol and of acetaldehyde found in the fruit by ...

Plants flower in particular seasons even in natural, fluctuating environments. The molecular basis of temperature-dependent flowering-time regulation has been extensively studied, but little is known about how gene expression is controlled in natural environments. Without a memory of past temperatures, it would be difficult for plants to detect seasons in natural, noisy environments because tem...

Timing of flowering is key to the reproductive success of many plants. In temperate climates, flowering is often coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. Vernalization is an example of temperature influencing the timing of flowering and is defined as the process by which a prolonged exposure to the cold of winter results in competence to flower during th...

The research was carried out to investigate the effect of fruit size, ripening temperature on the shelf life and quality of ripe banana fruit of two sizes, small (14 cm) and large (20cm). It is concluded that ethylene treatment with 1000 ppm for 24 hours is sufficient to initiate the ripening in both sizes of bananas. It was also observed that there was no difference between the shelf life of s...

Timing of flowering is key to the reproductive success of many plants. In temperate climates, flowering is often coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. Vernalization is an example of temperature influencing the timing of flowering and is defined as the process by which a prolonged exposure to the cold of winter results in competence to flower during th...

In the floriculture industry, the need for heat tolerant bedding plant cultivars is increasing because of the rising temperature around the world. A pot experiment was carried out to examine the impacts of four heat stress durations (0, 7, 14 and 21 days) on growth and ornamental traits to determine the relative heat tolerance of four cultivars of calendula (Calendula officinalis). Growth and d...

The effect of various combinations of temperature and relative humidity on dormancy alleviation of sunflower seeds during dry after-ripening was investigated. The rate of dormancy alleviation depended on both temperature and embryo moisture content (MC). Below an embryo MC of 0.1 g H(2)O g(-1) dw, dormancy release was faster at 15 °C than at higher temperatures. This suggests that dormancy rele...

Abstract Rice is a strategic commodity for Indonesia. NPK fertilizer compound with fast absorption, accelerates flowering, fruiting, flowering process and stimulates shoot growth. The pest that often attacks rice Leptocorisa acuta which sucks the grain in ripening phase until it empty or filling not full, resulting decrease production. This study used non-factorial Randomized Block Design 8 rep...

Phenology and reproductive biology of cultivated species are important for the comprehension of the requirements for fruit and seed production and the management of pollinators. This study aimed to characterise the phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine 'Isabel' (Vitis labrusca) in northeastern Brazil during January 2011 (P1), Augst 2011 (P2), April 2012 (P3) a...

Museum specimens collected in the past may be a valuable source of information on the response of species to climate change. This idea was tested by comparing the flowering times during the year 2003 of 229 living plants growing at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, with 372 records of flowering times from 1885 to 2002 using herbarium specimens of the same individual plants. Du...