The plant hormone ethylene is involved in the regulation of a number of physiological and developmental processes and its role as a regulator of flower senescence is of particular economic importance in floriculture. The present review focuses on genetic control of flower senescence, particularly at the level of ethylene perception. Research in a number of flowering plants has indicated that fl...

Diversity of flower traits is often proposed as the outcome of selection exerted by pollinators. Positive directional pollinator-mediated selection on floral size has been widely shown to reduce phenotypic variance. However, the underlying mechanism of maintaining within-population floral color polymorphism is poorly understood. Divergent selection, mediated by different pollinators or by both ...

Flowering plant density can increase number of visits and fruit set in multi-flowering plants, however this aspect has not been studied on few flower species. We studied the effects of individual floral display and plant density on the fruit production of the epiphytic, moth-pollinated orchid, Ryncholaelia glauca, in an oak forest of Chavarrillo, Veracruz, Mexico. Species is non-autogamous, and...

Flowers, the reproductive structures of the approximately 400 000 extant species of flowering plants, exist in a tremendous range of forms and sizes, mainly due to developmental differences involving the number, arrangement, size and form of the floral organs of which they consist. However, this tremendous diversity is underpinned by a surprisingly robust basic floral structure in which a centr...

SCF complexes are the largest and best studied family of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases that facilitate the ubiquitylation of proteins targeted for degradation. The SCF core components Skp1, Cul1, and Rbx1 serve in multiple SCF complexes involving different substrate-specific F-box proteins that are involved in diverse processes including cell cycle and development. In Arabidopsis, mutations in t...

Measurements of natural selection in hermaphrodite populations require the analysis of performance through both female and male sex functions. Here, we investigate selection on three floral traits: flower number, flower length, and corona width through both sex functions in natural populations of the tristylous daffodil Narcissus triandrus. Selection through female function was examined in six ...

In dioecious plants, reproductive efforts of male and female plants can be differentially affected by herbivory due to sex-specific allocation and re-modulation of resources. Here, we investigate the effects of foliar herbivory by the polyphagous species Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on male and female reproductive traits of Silene latifolia (Poir.) (Caryophyllaceae...

salvia genus belongs to lamiaceae family that was used in ancient and its application in culinary, flavor cosmetics, food and drinking industries is important. in the present study to assess compatibility of salvia sclarea to field condition and determine its potential for medicinal and ornamental applications, wild seed were cultured in pots. after initial growth, seedlings at 6-8 leaf stage t...

a field experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in completely randomized factorial design with three soil application doses of zn sulphate and drought stress with three replications in chalus, mazandaran province, iran on 1th march, 2015. the treatments were included three amounts of zinc sulphate (0, 30 and 60 kg.ha-1) and three amounts of stress (90, 70 and 50% of field capacity)...