A simple and fast electrochemical method for quantitative analysis of picric acid explosive (nitro-explosive) based on its electrochemical reduction at copper surfaces is reported. To achieve a higher sample throughput, the electrochemical sensor was adapted in a flow injection system. Under optimal experimental conditions, the peak current response increases linearly with picric acid concentra...

An automated flow injection system for the determination of dissolved silver at ultratrace concentrations in seawater, and controlled under LabVIEW, is described. The flow injection system allows online processing of seawater samples before their analysis using a magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MS-ICP-MS) instrument. Samples were analysed with a minimum amount of m...

The engine and its exhaust flow behaviors are investigated in a turbo-charged gasoline direct injection engine under simulated cold-fast-idle condition. The metrics of interest are the exhaust sensible and chemical enthalpy flows, and the exhaust temperature, all of which affect catalyst light off time. The exhaust sensible enthalpy flow is mainly a function of combustion phasing; the exhaust c...

The unsteady flow evolution in a porous chamber with surface mass injection simulating propellant burning in a nozzleless solid rocket motor has been investigated by means of a large-eddy simulation (LES) technique. Of particular importance is the turbulence-transition mechanism in injection-driven compressible flows with high injection rates in a chamber closed at one end and connected to a di...

The flow topologies of gas and liquid injection into hypersonic crossflow are compared with the flow topology around 3D rigid obstacles in hypersonic flow. Experimental techniques such as oil flow visualization, infrared thermography, sublimation technique and high speed Schlieren photography are applied for a Mach 6 crossing flow on a flat plate. The shock system and the vortex system are visu...

A theoretical model for carbon dioxide (CO2) migration in tilted aquifers with groundwater flow is presented to evaluate the injection of CO2 into a geological formation. Capillary force in the flow of two immiscible fluids in a porous medium creates a saturation transition zone, where the saturation changes gradually. A vertical equilibrium assumption is employed to solve for the capillary pre...

We have investigated the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) on SMT-2A mammary adenocarcinoma blood flow during localized microwave hyperthermia treatment. Tissue blood flow in isogeneic female W/Fu rats was estimated using 25-fimdiameter 113Sn-labeled microspheres. An intraarterial injection of 5-HT (1 mg/kg) into either conscious or anesthetized (Nembutal, 20 mg/kg) animals resulted in a 53% ...

Optical techniques for chemical analysis are well established and sensors based on these techniques are now attracting considerable attention because of their importance in applications such as environmental monitoring, biomedical sensing, and industrial process control. On the other hand, flow injection analysis (FIA) is advisable for the rapid analysis of microliter volume samples and can be ...