However, the nature by which they work-reducing stomach acid-causes a number of side effects. First, when stomach acid is lowered the gastric mucosa becomes more vulnerable to certain pathogens. Salmonella, for example, is destroyed by stomach acid and lowering the levels of acid could allow this food-borne bacterium to flourish unchecked. Helicobacter pylori, another pathogen common to our dig...

The topic of the 2012 ASCE Conference is “Where is Cuba Going?” This begs the answer in the subtitle of this paper. There is a simple reason: political intolerance has plagued Cuban history from the start. And democracy can only flourish under tolerance. Tolerance means that one is willing and/or able to listen and understand the views of others, especially when they differ from our own. Hence,...

This paper presents the British Council’s knowledge management strategy. It outlines how, as part of this strategy, the organisation attempted to engender communities of practice among a strategically significant group spread across the 110 countries in which the organisation operates. Using a case study of this group, the paper explores “degenerative structures” which impact on the ability to ...

Medical devices provide an ecological niche for microbes to flourish as a biofilm community, protected from antimicrobials and host defenses. Biofilms formed by Candida albicans, the most common fungal pathogen, survive exposure to extraordinarily high drug concentrations. Here, we show that beta-glucan synthase Fks1p produces glucan, which is deposited in the biofilm matrix. The extracellular ...

Although positive emotion research has begun to flourish, the extremes and potential costs of positive emotion remain understudied. This is an ideal clinical model for studying the ways in which positive emotions are disrupted in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme bouts of expansive and persistent positive feelings. This paper reviews recent experimental studies, sel...

Categorization is a vitally important skill that people use every day. Early theories of category learning assumed a single learning system, but recent evidence suggests that human category learning may depend on many of the major memory systems that have been hypothesized by memory researchers. As different memory systems flourish under different conditions, an understanding of how categorizat...

We demonstrate diversification rather than optimisation for highly interacting organisms in a well mixed biological system by means of a simple model and reference to experiment, and find the cause to be the complex network of interactions formed, allowing species less well adapted to an environment to flourish by co-interaction over the ‘best’ species. This diversification can be considered as...

Internet use is characterised by externalities, which means that it can be sufficiently profitable for criminal enterprises to flourish. One possible mechanism which could be considered to improve incentives is liability. We conduct a review of the literature relating to liability theory, liability online, and security economics in general and consider the impact that liability on any particula...

Males in nursing undoubtedly represent a minority group. However there have been relatively few studies which have investigated their unique experiences, compared with women in male dominated professions. This study conducted in an undergraduate nursing program, analysed the experience of males in nursing regarding (1) decision to enter the profession, during the course, both academic and clini...

AIM Big Data promises to change cardiology through a massive increase in the data gathered and analysed; but its impact goes beyond improving incrementally existing methods. METHODS AND RESULTS The potential of comprehensive data sets for scientific discovery is examined, and its impact on the scientific method generally and cardiology in particular is posited, together with likely consequenc...