Public concern about the welfare of hens kept in conventional cages has become an important issue worldwide. This study examined the effects of conventional cages (CC) and floor pens (FP) on hens’ health and egg production. A total of 84 19-wk-old Bovan Brown hens were randomly assigned into 2-bird cage (n = 12), providing 968 cm2 floor space per hen or 10-bird floor pens (n = 6), providing 371...

Consent in surgery. Wheeler R Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2006 May;88(3):261-4. A review of consent for surgery is timely. As the length of surgeons' training diminishes, despite the increasing interest in the content of the surgical curriculum, the law governing the process of gaining consent has been given scant attention. The advent of non-medically qualified surgical practitioners raises question...

The medial wall and floor of the bony orbit are frequently fractured because of the delicate anatomy. To optimize functional and aesthetic results, reconstructive surgeons should understand the anatomy and pathophysiology of orbital fractures. Appropriate treatment involves optimal timing of intervention, proper indications for operative repair, incision and dissection, release of herniated tis...

OBJECTIVE To estimate whether botulinum toxin type A is more effective than placebo at reducing pain and pelvic floor pressure in women with chronic pelvic pain and pelvic floor muscle spasm. METHODS This study was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. All participants presented with chronic pelvic pain of more than 2 years duration and evidence of pelvic floor muscle spasm....

Background and Objective Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), now commonly used for reducing muscular spasms in other neuromuscular disorders, is now increasingly proposed also for treating pelvic floor disorders, including chronic pelvic pain syndromes, vaginismus, vulvodynia and vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. To provide up-to-date information on these advances we reviewed the literature about Bunt inj...

Human pelvic floor muscles have been shown to operate synergistically with a wide variety of muscles, which has been suggested to be an important contributor to continence and pelvic stability during functional tasks. However, the neural mechanism of pelvic floor muscle synergies remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that activation in motor cortical regions associated with pelvic floor...

This paper presents a Maximum Sequential Similarity Reasoning (MSSR) algorithm based method for co-registration of 3D TLS data and 2D floor plans. The co-registration consists of two tasks: estimating a transformation between the two datasets and finding the vertical locations of windows and doors. The method first extracts TLS line sequences and floor plan line sequences from a series of horiz...

Background: Floor time therapy is the center of Greenspan developmental model. In Family-based of this model, to enhance the abilities of the child, family functioning is set the objective as a general unit, the purpose of this study was developing a Family-based Floor Time Therapyand evaluating its effectiveness on the developmental profile of children with interactive disorders. Materials an...

 Absract  Background: Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem in the middleaged  women and can affect their quality of life. This study evaluated the effects of  pelvic floor muscle exercise on quality of life outcomes in women with stress urinary  incontinence .  Methods: After baseline evaluation, 50 women were assigned for this clinical trial .  Participants were instructed to do pel...

INTRODUCTION Pelvic floor dysfunction is recognized to be related to lower urinary tract dysfunction and to lower gastrointestinal symptoms, and is an influential factor in dysfunction and subsequent behavior of the genital system in both men and women. Caregivers should be informed regarding normal pelvic floor function in general and should be able to identify specific aspects of pelvic floor...