We study the behavior of a Bose-Einstein condensate in which atoms are weakly coupled to a highly excited Rydberg state. Since the latter have very strong van der Waals interactions, this coupling induces effective, nonlocal interactions between the dressed ground state atoms, which, opposed to dipolar interactions, are isotropically repulsive. Yet, one finds partial attraction in momentum spac...

Much as the discovery of these strange forms may be calculated to excite our curiosity, and to awaken an intense desire to learn something of the laws which give order to these wonderful systems, as yet, 1 think, we have no fair ground even for plausible conjecture. Lord Rosse (1850) A beginning has been made by Jeans and other mathematicians on the dynamical problems involved in the structure ...

We have come full circle from spinning quarks to 3D medical images. The bulk of MRI is now performed using slice-selective gradients, during which RF energy is applied to excite the hydrogen nuclei. By stepping a phase-encoding gradient during each TR and using a frequency-encoding gradient as the data are sampled, the 3D human object can be reduced to many individual points or voxels. By acqui...

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namen...

Superconducting state dynamics following excitation of a superconductor with a femtosecond optical pulse is studied in terms of a phenomenological Rothwarf and Taylor model. Analytical solutions for various limiting cases are obtained. The model is found to account for the intensity and temperature dependence of both photoinduced quasiparticle density, as well as pair-breaking and superconducti...

Spin-wave excitation mode from the spin-polarized ground state in the fractional quantum Hall liquid with odd fractions (ν = 1/3, 1/5) numerically obtained by the exact diagonalization of finite systems is shown to be accurately described, for wavelengths exceeding the magnetic length, in terms of the composite-fermion mean-field approximation for the spin-wave (magnon) theory formulated in the...

One-dimensional autowaves (traveling waves) in excitable medium described by a piecewise-linear reaction-diffusion system have been investigated. Two main types of waves have been considered: a single impulse and a periodic sequence of impulses (wave trains). In a two-component system, oscillations appear due to the presence of the second component in the reaction-diffusion system. In a one-com...

Nonlinear excitation of linearly stable microtearing modes--with zonal modes acting as a catalyst--is shown to be responsible for the near-ubiquitous magnetic stochasticity and associated electromagnetic electron heat transport in electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of plasma microturbulence.

The dipole blockade of Rydberg excitations is a hallmark of the strong interactions between atoms in these high-lying quantum states [M. Saffman, T. G. Walker, and K. Mølmer, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2313 (2010); D. Comparat and P. Pillet, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, A208 (2010)]. One of the consequences of the dipole blockade is the suppression of fluctuations in the counting statistics of Rydberg excit...