The EVs battery has the ability to enhance the balance between the load demand and power generation units. The EV aggregators to manage the random behaviour of EV owners and increasing EVs participation in the ancillary services market are employed. The presence of aggregators could lead to time-varying delay in load frequency control (LFC) schemes. The effects of these delays must be considere...

A new method for robust fixed-order H∞ controller design for uncertain time-delay systems is presented. It is shown that the H∞ robust performance condition can be represented by a set of convex constraints with respect to the parameters of a linearly parameterized primary controller in the Smith predictor structure. Therefore, the parameters of the primary controller can be obtained by convex ...

A novel back-stepping adaptive control strategy is proposed to direct torque control (DTC) of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) in order to solve some problems existed in conventional DTC, such as high flux , torque and current ripple, variable switching frequency, and acoustic noises. PI speed regulator and two hysteresis regulators in the conventional DTC system are substitut...

By using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, a novel design method for the self-tuning PID control in a slider–crank mechanism system is presented in this paper. This paper demonstrates, in detail, how to employ the PSO so as to search efficiently for the optimal PID controller parameters within a mechanism system. The proposed approach has superior features, including: easy implem...