recommended quantity makes the sunscreen less effective. Excessive quantity makes the sunscreen more expensive, and also more uncomfortable. We calculated that the mean cost of 1 ml of sunscreen of 10 brands is approximately Rs. 3 to 4. It is more expensive if the patient uses the sunscreen repeatedly, or in excessive quantity. We recommend 1 ml of sunscreen for the female, and 1.5 ml for the m...

Sparfloxacin, a synthetic, second generation, broad spectrum aminodifluoroquinolone antibiotic, has excellent penetration into respiratory tissues and has good activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria. Although it is indicated for the treatment of adult community-acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, its use has been limited by phototoxicit...

44 Serum sickness classically refers to a systemic immunological reaction caused by injected serum and occurs due to deposition of an antigen-antibodycomplement complex. It occurs when an antigen (i.e. serum) persists in the circulation for a long duration stimulating IgG or IgM antibody synthesis. These antibodies, along with complement, form complexes which are deposited in various organs. Th...

TNPM presents as subcorneal or intraepidermal pustules composed mainly of neutrophils; this finding helps to differentiate TNPM from NTE, in which there is a predominance of eosinophils. In conclusion, we must be aware that TNPM is a benign condition with no systemic manifestations and it does not require treatment. This entity can be confused with serious infections, and patients with TNPM may...

An eruption is called 'fixed' if it recurs at the same site after re-exposure to the drug which precipitated the previous lesion. The eruption is commonly erythematous and sharply defined but may be bullous, herpetiform, or urticarial, and can be solitary or widely scattered. The commonest target areas are the trunk and the proximal portions of the limbs and the mouth, eyes, and urethra may som...

UNLABELLED Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) are commonly reported type of mucocutaneous drug eruption. The aim of this paper is to present a patient with multiple mucocutaneous erythema fixum type lesions caused by oral tadalafil use. A short course of topical corticosteroid therapy resulted in complete resolution of all lesions leaving residual hyperpigmentation of the involved skin sites. Mucosal o...

Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) is classified as cutaneous drug reaction which recurs in the same locations upon systemic administration of the same drug. Vesicles and bullae may sometimes be found, and in some cases even these are confused with Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). A male patient, 62 years old, developed FDE with the use of ornidazole. On physical exami...

Fluconazole is commonly used in treatment of candidiasis and dermatophyte infections. Fluconazole-induced fixed drug eruption (FDE) is one of the rare adverse cutaneous drug reactions reported in literature. We report a case of a 23-year-old man who developed FDE after intake of fluconazole, which resolved after the drug was discontinued. Thus, for safe use of medicines, continued reporting of ...

Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs, followed by antibiotics, are the main causes of fixed drug eruption. They provoke one or several round erythematous or bullous lesions that recur in the same place after taking the causative medication. A positive patch test on residual, lesional skin can replace satisfactorily oral reintroduction. We describe the case of a 74-year-old woman with numerous...

The principles determining the primary localization of lesions in fixed drug eruption (FDE) are still unknown. Studies investigating the predilection areas in FDE have indicated drug-related, trauma-related, or inflammation-related specific site involvement, as well as visceracutaneous reflex-related specific site involvement. The importance of viscerocutaneous reflexes for the location of derm...