In tasks where different sensory, cognitive, and motor events are mixed in a sequence it is difficult to determine whether neural activity is related to any behavioral parameter. Here, we consider the case in which two alternative trial-alignment schemes correspond to two different neural representations, one stimulus-related and the other movement-related, using both simulations of neural acti...

Norovirus infection and illness are increasingly used as end-points in sewage-related health risk assessments, especially as data from clinical trials outbreak studies have recently become available. The authors of a very recent clinical trial have inferred that the human median infectious dose is higher than previous estimates and similar to that of other RNA viruses. This finding has the pote...

Analysis of brain connectivity has become an important research tool in neuroscience. Connectivity can be estimated between cortical sources reconstructed from the electroencephalogram (EEG). Such analysis often relies on trial averaging to obtain reliable results. However, some applications such as brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) require single-trial estimation methods. In this paper, we pres...

Recent studies have employed simple linear dynamical systems to model trial-by-trial dynamics in various sensorimotor learning tasks. Here we explore the theoretical and practical considerations that arise when employing the general class of linear dynamical systems (LDS) as a model for sensorimotor learning. In this framework, the state of the system is a set of parameters that define the curr...

The probability density functions fitting to the discrete probability functions has always been needed, and very important. This paper is fitting the continuous curves which are probability density functions to the binomial probability functions, negative binomial geometrics, poisson and hypergeometric. The main key in these fittings is the use of the derivative concept and common differential ...

background: childhood obesity is becoming a global problem and its incidence is increasing. the role of dietary intervention with fruits containing vitamin c and flavonoid to control obesity consequences in childhood has not been yet defined. lemon (citrus aurantifolia) peels contain flavonoid, pectin and vitamin c. we aimed to compare the effects of lemon peels and placebo on cardiometabolic r...

abstract. let (r,p) be a noetherian unique factorization do-main (ufd) and m be a finitely generated r-module. let i(m)be the first nonzero fitting ideal of m and the order of m, denotedord_r(m), be the largest integer n such that i(m) ⊆ p^n. in thispaper, we show that if m is a module of order one, then either mis isomorphic with direct sum of a free module and a cyclic moduleor m is isomorphi...