Total factor productivity represents a dimension of output that cannot be attributed to factors production; it is unique the firm, and central its competitiveness. We posit ownership structure plays key role in productivity. However, has an effect on which changes with firm’s age. Ownership optimal for new firms may not older firms. here consider impact as defined by shares individuals’ versus ...

Rapid remodeling of the microtubule (MT) array is important in large motile cells because such cells are constantly in the process of changing their shape. In fibroblast-like cells, MTs form a radial array emerging from the centrosome with minus ends tethered at the centrosome and plus ends extending towards the cell periphery (reviewed by Desai and Mitchison, 1997; Keating and Borisy, 1999). A...

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Life-cycle analysis is an invaluable tool for investigating the environmental profile of a product or technology from cradle to grave. Such life-cycle analyses of energy technologies are essential, especially as material and energy flows are often interwoven, and divergent emissions into the environment may occur at different life-cycle-stages. This approach is well exemplified by our descripti...