Calculation of fin efficiency is necessary for the design heat exchangers. This can be calculated individual finned tubes or continuous fins. Continuous fins are mostly used in plate-fin and tube exchangers (PFTHEs). In most cases, basic elements those PFTHEs circular, oval flattened pipes, which contain circular polygonal fins, as observed PFTHEs, divided into virtual Those have a rectangular ...

Very little is known about the ancient origin of retroviruses, but owing to the discovery of their ancient endogenous viral counterparts, their early history is beginning to unfold. Here we report 36 lineages of basal amphibian and fish foamy-like endogenous retroviruses (FLERVs). Phylogenetic analyses reveal that ray-finned fish FLERVs exhibit an overall co-speciation pattern with their hosts,...

Vertebrates have experienced two rounds of whole-genome duplication (WGD) in the stem lineages of deep nodes within the group and a subsequent duplication event in the stem lineage of the teleosts-a highly diverse group of ray-finned fishes. Here, we present the first full Hox gene sequences for any member of the Acipenseriformes, the American paddlefish, and confirm that an independent WGD occ...

The globin gene family encodes oxygen-binding hemeproteins conserved across the major branches of multicellular life. The origins and evolutionary histories of complete globin repertoires have been established for many vertebrates, but there remain major knowledge gaps for ray-finned fish. Therefore, we used phylogenetic, comparative genomic and gene expression analyses to discover and characte...

The evolutionary origin of spliceosomal introns has been the subject of much controversy. Introns are proposed to have been both lost and gained during evolution. If the gain or loss of introns are unique events in evolution, they can serve as markers for phylogenetic analysis. We have made an extensive survey of the phylogenetic distribution of seven spliceosomal introns that are present in Fu...

This paper presents the development of a computational model latent thermal energy storage (LTES) in shell and tube configuration with longitudinal fins. The describes physical process transient heat transfer between fluid (HTF) phase change material (PCM) LTES. For modeling PCM, enthalpy formulation was used. Based on one-dimensional model, new Trnsys type developed written Fortran. Validation...

At present, China’s high-speed rail is in a period of rapid development. Most the refrigerants used Chinese motor train units at this stage are still R134a and R407c, which have an impact on environment. In response to environmental protection concept green travel, it great significance study air conditioning system using CO2 refrigerant. Using CFD simulation analysis technology, heat transfer ...