Invasive species can have negative effects on native biodiversity and ecosystem function, suppression is often required to minimize the effects. However, management actions suppress invasive may cause negative, unintended non-target taxa. Across United States, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) are in many freshwater ecosystems, reducing fish abundance diversity through predation competition. In...

The capillary refill time (CRT) is the that elapses before fingernail color returns to red from white after releasing a load applied nail. We aimed estimate hypovolemic status using CRT. However, precision of CRT low. first step toward improving was estimation coefficient variance (CV) via repeated measurements. best and next-best indices change rates in state were 0.19 0.48 respectively, corre...

Low dissolved O2, or hypoxia, is becoming increasingly prevalent in aquatic habitats and is considered to be stressful for aerobic organisms. However, hypoxia also can be beneficial by decreasing cellular stress, particularly that related to free radicals. Therefore, an animal’s ideal habitat may have the minimum O2 necessary to sustain aerobic metabolism, with excess O2 increasing the need to ...

Sensitive nucleic acid based detection methods such as in situ PCR, in situ RT-PCR and PRINS have great potential in the areas of developmental biology, pathogenesis and diagnostics. However, control of evaporation from in situ reactions is critical to ensure reliable data. Self-Seal Reagent, a component added directly to the in situ reaction mixture, effectively controls evaporation during in ...

Introduction: A modern technique for elemental analysis of biological samples is laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). This technique is based on emission of excited atoms, ions, and molecules in plasma produced by focusing a high power laser pulses on sample surface. Because of several advantages of LIBS including little or no sample preparation; minimally invasive; fast analysis time a...

Proteomics, the large-scale study of all proteins an organism or system, is a powerful tool for studying biological systems. It can provide holistic view physiological and biochemical states given samples through identification quantification large numbers peptides proteins. In forensic science, proteomics be used as confirmatory orthogonal technique well-built genomic analyses. Proteomics high...