It has been hypothesized that as soil fertility increases, the amount of carbon allocated to below-ground production (fine roots) should decrease. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured the standing crop fine root mass and the production of fine roots (<2 mm) by two methods: (1) ingrowth cores and, (2) sequential soil coring, during 2.2 years in two lowland forests growing on different soils ...

We describe an implementation of a fine-grain adaptive scheduling mechanism, based on software feedback. Conventional scheduling makes job assignment exclusively a function of time. We broaden the meaning of the term "scheduling" to include job assignment as a function of a sequence of events, such as timer interrupts, I/O operations, queue overflodunderflow, and system call traps. Our implemen...

This paper proposes a benchmarking methodology for characterising the power consumption of the fine-grain fabric in reconfigurable architectures. This methodology is part of the GroundHog 2009 power benchmarking suite. It covers active and inactive power as well as advanced low-power modes. A method based on random number generators is adopted for comparing activity modes. We illustrate our app...

This paper presents a new scheme to replace course grain barriers with ne grain synchronisation in virtual shared memory systems. Traditionally, shared memory programming models separate data access from synchronisation. In our scheme synchronisation between both writes and their subsequent reads, and reads and their following writes, is achieved through the coherence tags associated with each ...

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is well-adapted for the Central Great Plains and could be planted in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-millet-fallow rotation, resulting in two crops in 3 yr. To determine the most suitable tillage system for proso millet production within this rotation, seven tillage management systems were evaluated over a 6-yr period (1972-1977). The research was condu...

This work has two primary goals. The first is to advance our fundamental understanding of grain boundaries by making direct measurements of grain boundary thermodynamic properties using ultrafine-grained materials. The second is to explore possible deviations from conventional behavior at ultrafine grain sizes, specifically in regards to grain boundary thermodynamic properties and solute segreg...

This study explores incremental processing in spoken word recognition in Russian 5- and 6-year-olds and adults using free-viewing eye-tracking. Participants viewed scenes containing pictures of four familiar objects and clicked on a target embedded in a spoken instruction. In the cohort condition, two object names shared identical three-phoneme onsets. In the noncohort condition, all object nam...

Large-scale simulation of the soil-derived dust emission in semi-arid regions needs to account for the in ̄uence of the soil moisture on the wind erosion threshold. Soil water retention consists of molecular adsorption on the soil grain surface and capillary forces between the grain. Interparticle capillary forces (characterized by the moisture tension) are the main factor responsible for the in...

Increasing pumping costs and declining well capacities in regions like the Southern High Plains of Texas are requiring producers to adapt cropping practices for usewith irrigation levels that vary between complete replacement of crop evapotranspiration (ET) to none (i.e., dryland production). Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a crop suited to both dryland and various deficit irriga...

Tillage systems and nutrient management influence soil chemical properties that can impact the long-term sustainability of dryland production systems. This study was conducted to compare the effects of no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) on the soil chemical properties and grain yield of a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)– grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]/corn (Zea may...