according to the standard of reasonable and ordinary person, negligence consists in doing something which a reasonable and ordinary person would not have done in that situation or omitting something which a reasonable and ordinary person would have done in that situation. in this article, descriptive and normative content of reasonable and ordinary person has been studied; it's ambiguities...

-In this paper, we propose a design method of the narrow band FIR filter in a Fluency signal space. As a result, we can make superior narrow band FIR filters than ordinary one. While an FIR filter has advantages that it is stable and can realize perfect linear phase, its transfer function can be of higher order according to desired accuracy. One of such difficult classes that indeed requires lo...

Measurement results contain different kinds of uncertainty. Besides systematic errors andrandom errors individual measurement results are also subject to another type of uncertainty,so-called emph{fuzziness}. It turns out that special fuzzy subsets of the set of real numbers $RR$are useful to model fuzziness of measurement results. These fuzzy subsets $x^*$ are called emph{fuzzy numbers}. The m...

This paper focuses on the relationship between an $L$-subset and the system of level-elements induced by it, where the underlying lattice $L$ is a complete residuated lattice and the domain set of $L$-subset is an $L$-partially ordered set $(X,P)$. Firstly, we obtain the sufficient and necessary condition that an $L$-subset is represented by its system of level-elements. Then, a new representat...

We focus on the filter approach offeature selection. We exploit geometrical information of the learning set to build an estimation criterion based on a quadratic entropy. The distribution of this criterion is approximately normal, that allows the construction of a non pararnctric~l statistical test o assess the relevance of feature subsets. Weuse the critical threshold ofthis test, callcci the ...

‎In this paper‎, ‎the notion of the radical of a filter in‎ ‎residuated lattices is defined and several characterizations of‎ ‎the radical of a filter are given‎. ‎We show that if F is a‎ ‎positive implicative filter (or obstinate filter)‎, ‎then‎ ‎Rad(F)=F‎. ‎We proved the extension theorem for radical of filters in residuated lattices‎. ‎Also‎, ‎we study the radical‎ ‎of filters in linearly o...

<p>In this paper, a designed circuit used for low-frequency filters is implemented and realized the filter based on frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR) as an inductor simulator to substitute traditional inductance, which heavy high cost due coil material manufacturing size area. The active operation amplifier or transconductance (OTA) that easy build in integrated with minimum ...

background: hemodialysis is a process of removing waste and excess fluid from blood when kidneys cannot function efficiently. it often involves diverting blood to the filter of the dialysis machin to be cleared of toxic substances. fouling of pores in dialysis membrane caused by adhesion of plasma protein and other toxins will reduce the efficacy of the filtre. objective: in this study, the inf...

Scalar-tensor theories are frequently only consistent with fifth force constraints in the presence of a screening mechanism, namely order to suppress an otherwise unacceptably large coupling between scalar and ordinary matter. Here we investigate precisely which subsets Horndeski do not give rise and/or require such mechanism. We these detail, deriving their form discussing how they restricted ...

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce several concepts of the metric-like spaces. For instance, we define concepts such as equal-like points, cluster points and completely separate points. Furthermore, this paper is an attempt to present compatibility definitions for the distance between a point and a subset of a metric-like space and also for the distance between two subsets of a metr...