statement of problem: for many years, application of the composite restoration with a thickness less than 2 mm for achieving the minimum polymerization contraction and stress has been accepted as a principle. but through the recent development in dental material a group of resin based composites (rbcs) called bulk fill is introduced whose producers claim the possibility of achieving a good rest...

This paper differentiates between an order (line) fill rate and a volume fill rate and specifies their performance for different inventory control systems. When the focus is on filling complete customer orders rather than total demanded quantity the order fill rate would be the preferred service level measure. The main result shows how the order and volume fill rates are related in magnitude. E...

Objectives: Microleakage is the main concern in composite restorations. This study aimed to compare the microleakage of two bulk-fill and one conventional composite at two different time points. Methods: Class II cavities were prepared in 60 premolar teeth and divided into six groups of 20. Groups 1 and 4 were incrementally filled with Grandio composite. Groups 2 and 5 were filled with X-tra...

Bidisperse granular mixtures in spherical tumblers segregate into three bands: one at each pole and one at the equator. For low fill levels, large particles are at the equator; for high fill levels, the opposite occurs. Segregation is robust, though the transition depends on fill level, particle size, and rotational speed. Discrete element method simulations reproduce surface patterns and revea...

CMP is a planarization technique for multilevel VLSI metallization processes. CMP fills are inserted as a design for manufacturability (DFM) methodology to improve pattern-dependent post-CMP topography, i.e., to improve interconnect planarity. Design-driven fill synthesis seeks to optimize CMP fill with respect to objectives beyond mere density uniformity. Design-driven fill synthesis minimizes...