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Congenital spinal deformity is the most severe clinical orthopedic issue worldwide. Among all the pathological processes of congenital spinal deformity, the imbalance of endochondral ossification is considered to be the most important developmental cause of spinal dysplasia. We established chondrocyte-specific TSC-1 knockout (KO) mice to overactivate the energy metabolic component, mammalian ta...

Congenital dislocation of the peroneal tendons is a rare and infrequently reported deformity of the foot in the neonate. Four cases of this deformity associated with a congenital calcaneovalgus deformity of the foot have been treated and followed to the resolution of both of the deformities. The calcaneovalgus foot proved more resistant to correction and required more prolonged and aggressive t...

Swan neck thumb deformity can be caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, tendon transfers and paralytic diseases. Abductor pollicis longus is one of the major stabilizing tendon of the carpometacarpal joint of thumb. To the best of our knowledge, swan neck thumb deformity owing to division of abductor pollicis longus tendon is rare. In this article, we desc...

A case of posttraumatic checkrein deformity of the hallux is presented. This deformity is most often caused by scarring of the muscle belly or tethering of the tendon. A 22-year old woman developed a hallux checkrein deformity after a bimaleolar fracture. Intraoperatively, a linear scar tethering the muscle belly to the posterior tibia was observed. Resection of the scar allowed for full flexor...

Scoliosis is a broad term encompassing multiple pathologies with different etiologies. Patients may range from the infant with congenital deformity, to the adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis, to the elderly patient with severe degenerative scoliosis. Treatment must be tailored to individual circumstances and the pathoanatomy of each deformity. Various coronal reduction techniques have been de...

Valgus deformity can exist during knee flexion besides extension, which could lead to patellofemoral joint instability and soft tissue imbalance in the flexion gap, and thus complicate the surgical procedures. Valgus deformity during knee flexion can be measured by radiographic analysis using long‐film radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scans.[4] It usually results from a bone defect in th...

Spinal deformity has classically and historically been studied by those in the discipline of orthopedic surgery. This may be attributable to the orthopedic interventionalists' experience with osseous fixation for long-bone and other skeletal fractures. Neurosurgeons have maintained a long-standing interest in complex cervical spinal disorders, and their interest in the larger field of complex s...

Background. Sprengel's deformity is a rare congenital anomaly of the shoulder girdle. The deformity is due to failure of descent of the scapula in intrauterine life. Case Presentation. We report a case of unilateral Sprengel's deformity associated with several other musculoskeletal and renal disorders consisting of absence of pectoralis major, weakness of trapezius and serratus anterior muscles...