The phenology of plants reflects selection generated by seasonal climatic factors and interactions with other plants and animals, within constraints imposed by their phylogenetic history. Fig trees (Ficus) need to produce figs year-round to support their short-lived fig wasp pollinators, but this requirement is partially de-coupled in dioecious species, where female trees only develop seeds, no...

Male insects rarely collaborate with each other, but pollinator fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) are said to be an exception. Immature fig wasps feed on galled ovules located inside figs, the inflorescences of Ficus species (Moraceae). After mating, adult pollinator males chew communal exit-holes that allow mated females (which are often also their siblings) to escape. Figs also support non-p...

The chrysanthemum (Dendranthema X grandiflorum) belongs to the family Asteraceae and it is one of the most popular flowers in the world. Viroids are the smallest known plant pathogens. They consist of a circular, single-stranded RNA, which does not encode a protein. Chrysanthemums are a common host for two different viroids, the Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) and the Chrysanthemum chlorotic ...

abstract- agricultural extension agents should provide dry land producers with appropriate education to make them more interested in learning about water use optimization. therefore, it is recommended to accompany education with art. in this regard, a study, using the randomized experimental research design, was carried out among dry land grape producers in herayjan village, southwest iran, usi...

Fig mosaic virus (FMV) is a multipartite negative-sense RNA virus infecting fig trees worldwide. FMV is transmitted by vegetative propagation and grafting of plant materials, and by the eriophyid mite Aceria ficus. In this work, the genetic variation and evolutionary mechanisms shaping FMV populations were characterized. Nucleotide sequences from four genomic regions (each within the genomic RN...

Donnees scientifiques produites :https://centrejeanberard.cnrs.fr/spip.php?article34&lang=fr Chroniques de l’EFR : https://journals.openedition.org/cefr/990 Introduction En 2001, le Centre Jean Berard a lance un programme recherche pour etudier la necropole Cumes qui s’etend l’exterieur des fortifications septentrionales (fig. 1‑2). Fig. 1. Le site et au premier plan Porte mediane. E. Botte, CN...

In the above article [1] , in Fig. 5(b), Amplitude Error subfigures of Y and Z components are same as subfigure X component. They incorrect. have been replaced by correct ref-type="fig" rid="fig1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Fig. 1 .