A truncation of string field theory is compared with the duality invariant effective action of D = 4, N = 4 heterotic strings to cubic order. The three string vertex must satisfy a set of compatibility conditions. Any cyclic three string vertex is compatible with the D = 4, N = 4 effective field theory. The effective actions may be useful in understanding the non–polynomial structure and the un...

Independence -- the study of what is relevant to a given problem of reasoning -- has received an increasing attention from the AI community. In this paper, we consider two basic forms of independence, namely, a syntactic one and a semantic one. We show features and drawbacks of them. In particular, while the syntactic form of independence is computationally easy to check, there are cases in whi...

We show how the natural Abelian duality of 2 and 3-form gravity theories in 7-dimensional manifold CY3 × S leads to an S-duality between 2 and 3-form theories on simply connected CY3. The massless sector of the 2-form field theory on CY3 corresponds to the A model string field theory. We discuss the complex structure independence of the 2 form theory for a general Kähler manifold and derive the...

The application of the background-field method to the electroweak Standard Model is reviewed and further explored. Special emphasis is put on questions of gauge invariance and gauge-parameter (in-)dependence. Owing to the gauge invariance of the background-field effective action, the vertex functions obey simple Ward identities which imply important properties of the vertex functions. Carrying ...

This study hypothesized a relationship between field independence and both attitude toward science and achievement in science. Testing instruments were the Concealed Figures Test, the Scientific Attitude Inventory, classroom achievement tests, and the Henmon-Nelson Test of Mental Ability. Using the Concealed Figures Test, two extreme groups, one field-dependent and the other field-independent, ...

This paper investigates the interplay among human cognitive processing differences (field dependence vs. field independence), alternative interaction device types (desktop vs. touch) and user authentication schemes (textual vs. graphical) towards task completion efficiency and effectiveness. A four-month user study (N 1⁄4 164) was performed under the light of the field dependence-independence t...

For any rank 2 Drinfeld module ρ defined over an algebraic function field, we consider its period matrix Pρ, which is analogous to the period matrix of an elliptic curve defined over a number field. Suppose that the characteristic of the finite field Fq is odd and that ρ does not have complex multiplication. We show that the transcendence degree of the field generated by the entries of Pρ over ...