Irregularities are inherent to virtually all fibers, including the conventional textile fibers, the high-performance brittle fibers and newly developed nano-fibers. These irregularities can fall into two main categories: dimensional or geometrical irregularity (external) and structural irregularity (internal). For natural fibers such as wool, diameter variation along fiber length is atypical ex...

Broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum pulses were generated directly from a short piece of active fiber in a single-mode Tm-doped fiber amplifier. The broadband mid-infrared pulses have an extremely high spectral flatness with ~600 nm FWHM bandwidth (from 1.9 μm to 2.5 μm), >15 kW peak power, and >20 GW/cm(2) laser peak intensity. This new approach exhibits a significantly different physical me...

The miniaturization of electromechanical transducers using bulk and surface micromachining processes has enabled the deployment of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in a variety of applications, from cell phones and ink-jet printers to drug delivery devices. A recently developed approach for the fabrication of multimaterial fiber devices presents a unique opportunity to realize MEMS in a no...

Two-way time transfer over fiber optic cable [l] has been demonstrated over long baselines [2] and has been used recently to provide coherence to enable L-Band interferometry. In order to support coherent interferometry at higher frequencies and enable other high precision applications over long baselines, an active control concept was developed that enables sub-picosecond control of the propag...

BACKGROUND High-definition fiber tracking (HDFT) is a novel combination of processing, reconstruction, and tractography methods that can track white matter fibers from cortex, through complex fiber crossings, to cortical and subcortical targets with subvoxel resolution. OBJECTIVE To perform neuroanatomical validation of HDFT and to investigate its neurosurgical applications. METHODS Six neu...

Evaluation measures, objective and subjective, are used to assist users in finding interesting association rules. Objective measures are more general, but they can be insufficient because they do not consider user’s and domain features. However, getting user’s knowledge and interest needed to calculate subjective measures can be a difficult task. Thus, this work presents a methodology to identi...

Three major puzzles, described later in this section, have captured the attention of macroeconomic finance: the equity-premium, riskfreerate and equity-volatility puzzles. A common strand of these three asset-return puzzles is that markets are behaving as if investors fear some unknown hidden randomness that isn’t obvious from the data. People are acting in the aggregate like there is much more...

Conventional compilers often are large entities that are highly complex, di cult to maintain and hard to reuse. In this article it is argued that this is due to the inherently functional approach to compiler construction. An alternative approach to compiler construction is proposed, based on object-oriented principles, which solves (or at least lessens) the problems of compiler construction. Th...

Introduction The material interpretation of conditionals is commonly recognized as involving some paradoxical results. I here argue that the truth functional approach to natural language is the reason for the inadequacy of this material interpretation, since the truth or falsity of some pair of statements ‘p’ and ‘q’ cannot per se be decisive for the truth or falsity of a conditional relation ‘...