Day 9 mouse embryos were cultured in 50% fetal calf serum and 50% Waymouth's medium supplemented with various amounts of insulin. Unmodified medium contained approximately 25% of the normal adult mouse blood insulin. The addition of 0.1 to 1.0 microgram insulin/ml to Waymouth's medium was most beneficial to in vitro development. There was a statistically significant increase in protein synthesi...

METHODS. An extracapsular lens extraction (ECLE) was performed in 72 Sprague–Dawley rats. At the end of the procedure, 10 L TGF2 (TGF2–treated group), fetal calf serum (FCS)/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; FCS/PBS-treated control group), a human monoclonal TGF2 antibody (anti–TGF2– treated group), or a null control IgG4 antibody (null antibody– treated control group) was injected into the capsu...

Integrins are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. We have transfected cultured Drosophila cells with genes that express the Drosophila PS2 integrin. We demonstrate that this integrin is expressed on the surface of the cells and can mediate cell spreading on an undefined component of fetal calf serum or on the purified vertebrate matrix mo...

The cytotoxicity of spergualin on cultured L5178Y cells is dependent on the kind of serum contained in culture media. Spergualin has stronger cytotoxicity to L5178Y cells in calf serum (IC50 = 2 micrograms/ml) than in horse serum (IC50 = 60 micrograms/ml). This was thought to be caused by amine oxidase in sera. Because calf serum was rich in amine oxidase and horse serum was very poor. Spergual...

The serum of the human fetus contains a protein that is not present in the sera of normal children or adults (1, 2). This protein has been observed in the serum of the conceptus as early as 10 to 14 weeks in the gestational period, and it has been reported that the serum concentration of the protein decreases as gestation continues (1-7). Most investigators have been unable to detect the protei...

The vascular endothelial growth factor or factors (VGF) and the cytotoxic component(s) in fetal calf retinal extract, vitreous, and serum were investigated. A new quantitative method of measuring the cell growth stimulatory activity and cytotoxicity was used. Results obtained in this study suggest that the VGF may be present in retina, vitreous, and serum in situ. The VGF was found to be specif...

Background and Aims: Coated nanoparticles have different surface chemistry, aggregation, and interaction properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles AgNPs coated with different proteins on Balb/c macrophages. Materials and Methods: In this study these items were evaluated: 1) the size of aggregation, 2) the quantity and mechanisms of uptake, ...

Ethanol induces severe alterations in membrane trafficking in hepatocytes and astrocytes, the molecular basis of which is unclear. One of the main candidates is the cytoskeleton and the molecular components that regulate its organization and dynamics. Here, we examine the effect of chronic exposure to ethanol on the organization and dynamics of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons and glucose up...

Mouse spleen cells which have been depleted of adherent cells do not respond to allogeneic lymphocytes in vitro. Their cytotoxic response can be restored by inclusion of mercaptoethanol in the medium. Mercaptoethanol is shown to have a stimulatory effect also on the response of normal (unseparated) spleen cells to alloantigens. The enhancement of the DNA-synthetic and cytotoxic response is simi...

Cells have been established in continuous culture from human and animal tissues, both normal and carcinomatous. From 197 specimens, 105 could be maintained in vitro for varying lengths of time, 27 for more than 6 months. In all cases the cells were found to be diploid. Cell lines with both epithelial and fibroblastic morphology have been isolated in medium 199 with added fetal calf serum, but a...