The intracellular polymerization of deoxy-sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) has been identified as the main cause of sickle cell disease. Therefore, the material properties and biomechanical behavior of polymerized HbS fibers is a topic of intense research interest. A solvent-free coarse-grain molecular dynamics (CGMD) model is developed to represent a single hemoglobin fiber as four tightly bonded ...

The problem of pure thermovibrational flow in a two-dimensional square cavity containing viscoelastic liquid is investigated the framework numerical approach based on governing balance equations for mass, momentum, and energy their complete non-linear time-dependent form. For closure, these are complemented with transport equation elastic stress formulated using finitely extensible nonlinear Ch...

We construct a general family of Galerkin methods for the numerical approximation of weak solutions to a coupled microscopic-macroscopic bead-spring model that arises from the kinetic theory of dilute solutions of polymeric liquids with noninteracting polymer chains. The model consists of the unsteady incompressible Navier– Stokes equations in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ Rd, d = 2 or 3, for the veloci...

While crystal and NMR structures exist of the influenza A M2 protein, there is disagreement between models. Depending on the requirements of the technique employed, M2 has been studied in a range of membrane mimetics including detergent micelles and membrane bilayers differing in lipid composition. The use of different model membranes complicates the integration of results from published studie...

Selective ligands are needed for distinguishing the functional roles of M2 receptors in tissues containing several muscarinic receptor subtypes. Because the venom of the green mamba Dendroaspis angusticeps contains the most specific antagonists known for M1 and M4 receptors (m1-toxin and m4-toxin), it was screened for toxins that inhibit the binding of [(3)H]N-methylscopolamine ([(3)H]NMS) to c...

As we know that, the Fick principle involves many limitations. Most important concern is measuring oxygen consumption (VO2) for Fick calculation. However, direct measurement of VO2 is difficult and expensive. Therefore, it has been generally accepted that, predicted VO2 values can be use in practice (1). A table has been published in European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guideline which is point...

The D-dimensional cosmological model on the manifold M = R × M1 × M2 describing the evolution of 2 Einsteinian factor spaces, M1 and M2, in the presence of multicomponent perfect fluid source is considered. The barotropic equation of state for mass-energy densities and the pressures of the components is assumed in each space. When the number of the non Ricci-flat factor spaces and the number of...