Investigation of feeder ships worldwide has identified South East Asian and the Caribbean as transshipment markets open to feeder ship replacement with a need for improved operational efficiency. In response to this challenge an environmentally sustainable feeder-container ship concept has been developed for the 2020 container market. The concept utilises higher speed and larger capacity than t...

Honey bee foragers form time memories that enable them to match their foraging activity to the time of day when a particular food source is most productive. Persistent foragers show food-anticipatory activity by making reconnaissance flights to the previously productive food source and may continue to inspect it for several days. In contrast, reticent foragers do not investigate the source but ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of a dominance rank in a group of cats and the relation between agonistic behavior and the use of resources, including environmental enrichment, in these cats. DESIGN Observational analytic study. ANIMALS 27 neutered cats in a shelter in Sao Paulo, Brazil. PROCEDURES The cats were video recorded for 4 consecutive days to obtain baseline data. Subsequentl...

In 1962 the Committee on Prosthetics Research and Development authorized a survey of current orthotics research and development in a number of selected centers as an initial step in a proposed orthotics evaluation program. A prime purpose of the survey was the identification of orthotic devices and procedures as suitable subject matter for the evaluation program. One of the devices selected as ...

Most stem cell laboratories still rely on old culture methods to support the expansion and maintenance of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. These involve growing cells on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder cells or on gelatin in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). However, these techniques have several drawbacks including the need for feeder-cells and/...

Feeder cells are essential for the establishment and culture of pluripotent rat embryonic stem cells (ESC) in vitro. Therefore, we tested several fibroblast and epithelial cell lines derived from the female genital tract as feeder cells to further improve ESC culture conditions. The immortalized tumor derived rat fibroblast TRF-O3 cells isolated from a Dnd1-deficient teratoma were identified as...

High-data-rate ground-to-space optical links are envisioned to be an alternative and more probably a next step to radio-frequency links, after the Q/V band still under development [1] for the feeder links of next generation high throughput satellites. Indeed, optical links allow a significant increase of the available spectral resources per link. This enables a drastic reduction of the number o...

The practice of garden bird feeding is a global phenomenon, involving millions of people and vast quantities of food annually. Many people engage in the practice of feeding assuming that birds gain some benefit from the food they provide, yet recent studies have revealed the potential for detrimental impacts as well. However, there is still a paucity of information on the impacts of feeding, in...

Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a very challenging task due to the large number of nodes, their mobility and lack of proper infrastructure. Since the sensors are battery powered devices, energy efficiency is considered as one of the main factors in designing routing protocols in WSNs. Most of energy-aware routing protocols are mere energy savers that attempt to decrease the energy...