This paper presents a novel approach to fault detection, faulty phase(s) identification, faulty section estimation, and fault location determination for a multi-ended transmission line in Egypt based on artificial neural networks. In order to perform this approach, the protection task is subdivided into different neural network modules for fault detection, fault classification as well as fault ...

In this paper, a fault-tolerant routing in 3-D meshes with dynamic faults is provided. It is based on an early work on fault-tolerant routing in dynamic 2-D meshes where faults occur during a routing process. Unlike many traditional models that assume all the nodes know global fault information, our approach is based on the concept of limited global fault information. First, a fault model calle...

In this paper, a fault-tolerant routing in -D meshes with dynamic faults is provided. It is based on an early work on fault-tolerant routing in dynamic 2-D meshes [9] and 3-D meshes [10] where faults occur during a routing process. Unlike many traditional models that assume all the nodes know global fault information, our approach is based on the concept of limited global fault information. Fir...

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of many nodes that are usually created to identify environmental incidents. Each of these nodes includes sensor, processor, communication components (antenna), small memory, and a source of energy. In wireless sensor networks’ applications, faulty nodes always cause crucial problems and error in the network. For example, failure of some nodes may pull some...