The Electronic Money Directives of the European Union, concerned with the regulation and prudential supervision of electronic money institutions, have now been implemented in the United Kingdom. The implementing provisions are found in a number of disparate legislative instruments. This article identifies the various legislative instruments concerned and articulates the key elements of the regu...

In the standard simple overlapping generations model with production (Diamond (1965)), the steady state competitive equilibrium level of capital under laissez-faire does not typically maximize the net production if the agents can save only in terms of capital. In particular, whenever the steady state competitive equilibrium level of capital is too high, net production and consumption can be inc...

In Islamic law, for a child who has not been mumayyiz, their custody falls in the hands of mother. If then is given right to choose and determine care him. However, judge Panyabungan Religious Court decides mumayyiz father. This study aims analyze judge’s considerations determining Using normative philosophical approach by using Maqasid Sharia theory, this employs qualitative methodology examin...

knowing that in distribution of khoms according to quran and imamid fiqh three portions out of six relates to needy sayyids so called bani hashim, the question is that are the hashimis who their mothers are sayyide - with non - sayyid father - deserved for khoms? as we know, mother-related children are legitimate, and the same as father-related ones, and there is no difference between them acco...

T he exchange of goods conducted face-to-face between two parties dates back to before the beginning of recorded history. Eventually, as trade became more complicated and inconvenient, humans invented abstract representations of value. As time passed, representations of value became more and more abstract, progressing from barter through bank notes, payment orders, checks, credit cards, and now...