2 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease in which upper and lower 3 motor neurons degenerate leading to muscle atrophy, paralysis and death within 3 to 5 years of 4 onset. While a small percentage of ALS cases are genetically linked, the majority are sporadic 5 with unknown origin. Currently, etiological links are associated with disease onset without 6 mechanistic ...

Diabetes insipidus is a rare disease and it is a very uncommon sequel of head injury. Fitz (1914) found that the incidence of the disease attributable to any cause was fourteen cases per hundred thousand admissions to a general hospital, and Rowntree (1924) found thirteen cases per hundred thousand admissions to the Mayo Clinic. Rabinowitch (1921) found one case of diabetes insipidus* among fif...

AIM To observe the outcome of burr hole evacuation of extradural hematoma (EDH) in mass head injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included patients of any age who sustained head injury in the earthquake of October 8, 2005, were diagnosed as EDH on computed tomography (CT) scan and were admitted in the neurosurgery ward over a period of 3 days. All patients were followed by serial CT scans ...

This study characterized brain injuries with a focus on diffuse axonal injuries using the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (CIREN) database, developed by the National Highway Safety Administration (NHTSA). Tier one and tier two medicaland crash-related data from 1997 to 2006 were used in the retrospective analysis. Diffuse axonal injuries injuries were assessed using the 1990 version o...

OBJECTIVE Young skiers are at increased risk for injury, however, epidemiological data on skiing related fatal injuries among child skiers are scarce. This study aimed to provide information needed to develop injury control and prevention programs. DESIGN AND SETTING Study subjects came from Colorado, USA and were identified using a death certificate based surveillance system. Fatal injuries ...

At present the injury that the human head is subjected to is predicted by the Head Injury Criterion (HIC). This criterion is inadequate as it is not based upon a thorough understanding of the underlying head injury mechanisms. The important blunt or non-contact head injury mechanisms are diffuse axonal injury, bridging vein disruption and surface contact contusions. They are the result of the r...

OBJECTIVE Although acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) are commonly associated in victims of head injury due to road traffic accidents, there are only two clinico-pathological studies of this association. We report a clinical and pathological study of 15 patients with ASDH associated with DAI. METHOD The patients were victims of road traffic accidents and were rando...

This study has been designed in order to identify factors increasing the risk of a fatal outcome when occupational accidents occur. The aim is to provide further evidence for the design and implementation of preventive measures in occupational settings. The Spanish Ministry of Labour registry of occupational injuries causing absence from work includes information on individual and occupational ...

PROBLEM The study examined risk factors for fatal versus serious injuries of construction workers' falls through roofs. METHOD Fatal injury falls (N = 10) were matched against serious injury falls (N = 10), and descriptive analyses were carried out retrospectively of investigation reports. RESULTS Fatal injuries occurred predominantly on farms, in the afternoon, and without the use of passi...

Sixty patients with severe head injury who did not have an acute intracranial haematoma on CAT scanning are reviewed. The scans are correlated with the level of consciousness at the time of scanning and with the outcome six months after injury. The initial scan was interpreted as being normal in 38% of the cases. In the remainder the most common abnormalities were small ventricles and areas of ...