Lipolysis in fat tissue represents a major source of circulating fatty acids. Previously, we have found that lipolysis in adipocytes is controlled by early growth response transcription factor Egr1 that directly inhibits transcription of adipose triglyceride lipase, ATGL (Chakrabarti et al., Mol. Cell Biol. 2013, 33, 36593666). Here we demonstrate that knock down of the lipid droplet protein FS...

OBJECTIVE Lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLPs) generates phospholipid-rich surface remnants and induces cytotoxic effects in adjacent vascular cells. We hypothesized that by integrating surface remnants into HDL, phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) alleviates cytotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS To test this hypothesis and gain insight into cytotoxicity during the postprandial p...

Fat digestion in the breastfed newborn infant is a process catalyzed by three Upases. The process is initiated in stomach contents by gastric lipase and continues in the upper part of the small intestine by pancreatic colipase-dependent lipase and human milk bile-salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL). Development of powerful techniques in molecular biology has made it possible to gain better insight in...

Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) exhibit a naturally occurring, reversible seasonal obesity with body fat peaking in long "summerlike" days (LDs) and reaching a nadir in short "winterlike" days (SDs). These SD-induced decreases in adiposity are mediated largely via sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT), as indicated by increased WAT norepinephrine (NE) ...

Insulin did not stimulate glucose utilization or inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue cells previously incubated with trypsin. The acceleration of glucose oxidation by insulin was also reduced by prior incubation of cells with chymotrypsin, papain, or ficin, but not with purified collagenases or an acidic proteinase of Closfridium hisfolyficum. The loss of insulin effects was not due to destruct...

BACKGROUND Smokers weigh less and have less body fat than nonsmokers. Increased body fat and weight gain are observed following smoking cessation. To assess a possible molecular mechanism underlying the inverse association between smoking and body weight, we hypothesized that smoking may induce the expression of a fat-depleting gene in the airway epithelium, the cell population that takes the b...

Grant RW, Stephens JM. Fat in flames: influence of cytokines and pattern recognition receptors on adipocyte lipolysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 309: E205–E213, 2015. First published June 9, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00053.2015.— Adipose tissue has the largest capacity to store energy in the body and provides energy through the release of free fatty acids during times of energy need. Differ...

BACKGROUND Even though Curcuma longa L. possesses various biological activities, it has strong flavor and taste, which decrease consumer palatability and limit industrial applications in food. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the effects of C. longa L. fermented with Aspergillus oryzae supplementation in 60% high-fat diet-induced obese rats measured by the activation of adipogenesis a...

Cell signaling relies extensively on dynamic pools of redox-inactive metal ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium and zinc, but their redox-active transition metal counterparts such as copper and iron have been studied primarily as static enzyme cofactors. Here we report that copper is an endogenous regulator of lipolysis, the breakdown of fat, which is an essential process in maintaining body...

purpose: to separate and characterize orbital fat-derived stem cells (ofscs) and compare its cellular and molecular properties with those of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ascs). methods: stem cells from orbital fat, abdominal fat and bone marrow aspirates have been isolated. we assessed stem cell specific cell surface markers using cytometry, ...