In 1989 Happel conjectured that for a finite-dimensional algebra A over an algebraically closed field k, gl.dim.A < ∞ if and only if hch.dim.A < ∞. Recently Buchweitz-Green-Madsen-Solberg gave a counterexample to Happel’s conjecture. They found a family of pathological algebra Aq for which gl.dim.Aq = ∞ but hch.dim.Aq = 2. These algebras are pathological in many aspects, however their Hochschil...

The aim of this study was to develop an event-specific qualitative and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detection of herbicide-tolerance genetically modified (GM) soybean A2704-12. The event-specific PCR primers were designed, based on the 5'-flanking integration sequence in the soybean genome, to amplify the 239-bp target fragment. Employing the same event-spec...

The number of electronic control units in today’s cars is permanently increasing. As the demand for information exchange between these units is growing, the complexity of the incar communication infrastructure also increases. In the past more and more bus-segments have been added to cope with the growing demands. In order to reduce the complexity and the costs for the future in-car communicatio...

Despite a growing need, oceanographers are limited by existing technological constrains and are unable to observe aquatic microbes in their natural setting. In order to provide a simple and easy to implement solution for such studies, a new Thin Light Sheet Microscope (TLSM) has been developed. The TLSM utilizes a well-defined sheet of laser light, which has a narrow (23 micron) axial dimension...

According to Champ et al. (1997), we have to differentiate between willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to donate (WTD) in eliciting individual preferences for public goods. Because strong incentives exist to understate the willingness to spend on the public good and to freeride on other people’s contributions, WTP forms the upper limit for WTD. This paper presents an experimental study on ...

Fatal opioid overdose, the leading cause of injury death in the USA, is regularly described as an epidemic. The response to the overdose crisis, however, has largely failed to utilise many of the public health tools that have proven effective in combating epidemics. Chief among these is the systematic and timely use of data by public health officials to track outbreaks and effectively target in...

Intelligent behaviour, even in humans, is an aspect of complex adaptive behaviour that provides a capacity for problem solving. This article assesses whether plants have a capacity to solve problems and, therefore, could be classified as intelligent organisms. The complex molecular network that is found in every plant cell and underpins plant behaviour is described. The problems that many plant...

The need to perform gene expression profiling using next generation sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on small sample sizes and single cells is rapidly expanding. However, to analyse few molecules, preamplification is required. Here, we studied global and target-specific preamplification using 96 optimised qPCR assays. To evaluate the preamplification strategies, we monitored the...

We assessed the total energy required to manufacture, install and maintain an extensive, sedumplanted green roof over its assumed life of 20 years in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. using the method of emergy analysis. We estimated its environmental benefits as the sum of summer electricity savings due to cooler building temperatures, primary production of biomass and reduction in intensity...

Prime numbers have fascinated people since ancient times. Since the last century, their study has acquired importance also on account of the crucial role played by them in cryptography and other related areas. One of the problems about primes which has intrigued mathematicians is whether it is possible to have long strings of primes with the successive primes differing by a fixed number, namely...