Climate extreme is one of Zambia's most pressing issues impacting socioeconomic development. This paper assessed the impact adaptation to climate extremes, as well effectiveness strategies mitigate negative on food production. A total 270 smallholder farmers were sampled. Descriptive analysis and endogenous switching regression model applied. According study's findings, adapted farms non-adapte...

Twenty first century challenges facing agriculture include climate change, threats to food security for a growing population and downward economic pressures on rural livelihoods. Addressing these challenges will require innovation in extension theory, policy and education, at a time when the dominance of the state in the provision of knowledge and information services to farmers and rural entre...

This article presents a technique for performing vulnerability assessments, using measures of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Historically, vulnerability assessments have focused on analyzing the hazard itself, absent information on its causes and mitigations. The vulnerability assessment method VAM , presented herein, acquires data and information from affected stakeholders to as...

In the last decades, there have been profound changes in the understanding of farming systems, in particular regarding their need for on-going adaptation to an ever-changing environment. Indeed, the rapid pace of change and its often unforeseeable direction requires farmers to keep their farms flexible and adaptive. We thus need to understand the attitudes, structures and activities that build ...

Unprecedented global climate change caused by human actions is becoming a challenge to agricultural systems’ ability meet and sustain production demands for food raw materials the increasing world population. Climate has not spared district, resulting in extreme weather events such as droughts, erratic rainfalls frosty winter days within district. Smallholder agriculture Sub-Saharan Africa main...