BACKGROUND Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an established treatment for degenerative disease of the cervical disc, but adjacent segment degeneration or instability may develop long term. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for adjacent segment degeneration following ACDF compared with the use of the Bryan artificial disc for cervical disc arthroplasty (CD...

La Rochelle, France knew during the second half of the twentieth century an important increase of its permanent and seasonal population. Since 1999, the city is grouped together with 17 others municipalities (communes) into an intercommunality (cooperation group between communes) : La Rochelle’s community of Agglomeration (CDA-LR) (fig 1). Because of an attractive coastal position, the CDA-LR i...

We propose a calculus, cCOA, combining, thus more expressive than each of, two orientation calculi well-known in QSR: Frank’s projection-based cardinal direction calculus, CDA, and a coarser version, ROA, of Freksa’s relative orientation calculus. An original constraint propagation procedure, PcS4c+(), for cCOA-CSPs is presented, which aims at (1) achieving path consistency (Pc) for the CDA pro...

The purine nucleoside analog - cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-CdA) is a cytotoxic agent with high activity in lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. It is also an effective drug in some autoimmune disorders. 2-CdA is usually administered intravenously in continuous or 2-hour infusion. Recently however, new formulation of this agent has been developed for subcutaneous and oral administration....

Estimates of working memory (WM) capacity increase in children, peak in young adulthood, and decline thereafter. Despite this symmetry, the mechanisms causing capacity increments in childhood may differ from those causing decline in old age. The contralateral delay activity (CDA) of the electroencephalogram, an event-related difference wave with a posterior scalp distribution, has been suggeste...

The congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are a group of rare hereditary disorders characterized by congenital anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis with distinct morphologic features in bone marrow (BM) late erythroblasts, and the development of secondary hemochromatosis. Patients usually present with anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, and suboptimal reticulocyte response for the degree of ane...

OBJECTIVE In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcome, treatment responses, infectious complications, and survival rates of 71 hairy cell leukemia (HCL) cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-seven patients received a first-line treatment and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine-2-CdA) was administered in 31 cases, 19 patients received interferon-alpha (INF-α), splenectomy was p...

The Continuous Double Auction (CDA) is one of the most popular of all auction market-mechanisms in the world. Some of the biggest trade markets in the world including the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange are organised as CDAs. Previous work using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for automated mechanism design by Cliff has shown that previously unknown ‘hybrid’ variants...

We report on results from experiments where human traders interact with software-agent traders in a real-time asynchronous continuous double auction (CDA) experimental economics system. Our experiments are inspired by the seminal work reported by IBM at IJCAI 2001 [Das et al., 2001], where it was demonstrated that softwareagent traders could consistently outperform human traders in real-time CD...

Myeloblasts from Down syndrome (DS) children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are significantly more sensitive in vitro to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and generate higher 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate (ara-CTP) than non-DS AML myeloblasts. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses demonstrated that transcripts for cytidine deaminase (CDA) were 2.7-fo...