Co-infection by multiple parasites is common within individuals. Interactions between co-infecting parasites include resource competition, direct competition and immune-mediated interactions and each are likely to alter the dynamics of single parasites. We posit that co-infection is a driver of variation in parasite establishment and growth, ultimately altering the production of parasite transm...

Oral bacteremia has been presumed to be an important risk factor for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) infection. We aimed to investigate whether dental scaling could reduce the risk of TKA infection. A nested case-control study was conducted to compare 1,291 TKA patients who underwent resection arthroplasty for infected TKA and 5,004 matched controls without infection in the TKA cohort of Taiwan's...

Correspondence TB is appropriate, particularly in high-prevalence countries. The study by Lee et al 2 performed in a high-prevalence Asian region and involving a very high number of untreated contacts demonstrates that the risk of progression is at its highest directly after Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and that more than one-half of those subjects who progressed to TB did so with...

Background: Enterobius vermicularis (formerly Oxyuriasis vermicularis), is a prevalent parasitic infection especially in preschool children worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of Oxyuriasis and its influencing factors in kindergartens.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 children using multi-stage sampling method in Ali Abad-e-Katoul city-...

Diphyllobothrium latum infection in human is not common in China and only 15 cases have been reported since 1927. We document a case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection caused by the ingestion of raw fish in a 23-year-old woman in Dalian (Liaoning Province), and diphyllobothriasis latum in China is briefly reviewed. The patient experienced abdominal discomfort for about 6 months with a history ...

BACKGROUND Soil-transmitted helminth infections are among the most common infections in developing countries. Globally, as many as 2 billion people are considered to be at risk for soil-transmitted-helminth (STH) infections. Preschool children (PSAC), school-age children (SAC) and women of reproductive age (WRA) are at high risk of STH-attributable morbidity and preventive chemotherapy (PC) for...

Empiric quantification of environmental fecal contamination is an important step toward understanding the impact that water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions have on reducing enteric infections. There is a need to standardize the methods used for surface sampling in field studies that examine fecal contamination in low-income settings. The dry cloth method presented in this manuscript impr...

OBJECTIVES The role of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal surveillance swabs (nasal swabs) in guiding decisions about prescribing vancomycin is unclear. We aimed to determine the likelihood that patients with negative MRSA nasal swabs develop subsequent MRSA infections; to assess avoidable vancomycin days for patients with negative nasal swabs; and to identify risk factors...

An intervention study was conducted in Khamir, north of Sana'a, for control of urinary schistosomiasis using chemotherapy and health education. The validity and cost-effectiveness of reagent strips as a rapid diagnostic tool to screen for Schistosoma haematobium infection was also assessed along with visible haematuria. Prevalence of S. haematobium infection 14 months post-intervention fell fro...