X-ray reflectivity and angular dependence of x-ray fluorescence ~ADXRF! techniques have been employed for a quantitative study of the Te depth profile and structural changes in a series of CdS/CdTe heterojuctions annealed at various temperatures. The temperature dependence of surface roughening and Te migration is observed in both reflectivity and fluorescence experiments. Changes in the interf...

purpose : to evaluate usefulness of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (as-oct) in evaluation of filtering bleb functionality and to correlate its findings with clinical bleb examination methods : in this cross-sectional, descriptive study 55 eyes with apparently functional bleb were evaluated. following a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, filtering bleb grading was performed bas...

BACKGROUND Facet degeneration often leads to the formation of synovial facet cysts. As facet cysts invade the spinal canal, they become a contributing factor to spinal stenosis. Previous studies have demonstrated successful treatment of neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC), a major symptom of spinal stenosis, with an interspinous process device. PURPOSE To compare clinical outcomes of p...

Multilayer mirrors capable of > 99.9% reflectivity in the far infrared (70-200 microm wavelengths) were constructed using thin silicon etalons separated by empty gaps. Calculations indicate that only three periods are required to produce 99.9% reflectivity because of the large difference between the index of refraction of silicon (3.384) and the vacuum (1). The mirror was assembled from high-pu...

We prepared Bi3O4Cl single-crystalline nanosheets with high {001} facet exposure percentages and demonstrated that their photoreactivity strongly depended on the magnitude of the internal electric field (IEF), which was correlated with the {001} facet exposure percentage. More {001} facet exposure could induce the generation of stronger IEF, which favored the photogenerated charge separation an...

The graphical traveling salesman problem (GTSP) has been studied as a variant of the classical symmetric traveling salesman problem (STSP) suited particularly for sparse graphs. In addition, it can be viewed as a relaxation of the STSP and employed for solving the latter to optimality as originally proposed by Naddef and Rinaldi. There is a close natural connection between the two associated po...

The performance of solar cells (SCs) can be enhanced significantly by employing 2D photonic crystals (2D-PCs). They can either be used as omnidirectional, broadband antireflection coatings (ARCs) or applied to thin-film SCs (where PC effects are much more significant than in generic SCs). Although multilayer ARCs are commonly used, problems related to material selection, thermal mismatch, sensi...