Accurate evaluation of investment risk tolerance is critical in an decision-making process because a mismatch between the investor could tolerate and risk-return expectations lead to frustration towards actual financial gains or losses. This study aims develop valid instrument (or scale) for self-directed Malaysian investors measure based on four main constructs, i.e., attitude, propensity, cap...

INTRODUCTION Preoperative anxiety is common in children and it is associated with an adverse post-operative outcome. The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) was developed to assess preoperative anxiety in children. The purpose of this study was to translate and adapt the m-YPAS to Danish cultural and linguistic conditions and to test its face validity and inter-rater reliability i...

Although fields such as e-commerce, information systems, and computer-mediated communication (CMC) acknowledge the importance of validity, validating research tools or measures in these domains seems the exception rather than the rule. This article extends the concept of validation to one of an emerging genre of web-based tools that provide new measures, the Wayback Machine (WM). Drawing in par...

BACKGROUND The primary outcome measures for patients who undergo aesthetic facial procedures are quality of life and satisfaction with appearance. The FACE-Q, a new patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument composed of independently functioning scales, is designed to measure a broad range of important outcomes in patients who undergo cosmetic surgical and/or nonsurgical facial procedures. OBJ...

BACKGROUND Since simulators offer important advantages, they are increasingly used in medical education and medical skills training that require physical actions. A wide variety of simulators have become commercially available. It is of high importance that evidence is provided that training on these simulators can actually improve clinical performance on live patients. Therefore, the aim of th...

BACKGROUND Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a prospective risk assessment tool that has been widely used within the aerospace and automotive industries and has been utilised within healthcare since the early 1990s. The aim of this study was to explore the validity of FMEA outputs within a hospital setting in the United Kingdom. METHODS Two multidisciplinary teams each conducted an ...

Background: Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is one of the best methods for evaluating the achievement of educational objectives and cognitive, emotional and psycho-motor aspects of medical students. The main purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of OSCE method in evaluating knowledge and clinical practices of midwifery students in the courses of ph...