Acquired port-wine stain is a rare vascular lesion that mimics a congenital port-wine stain clinically and histologically, but is acquired after birth. A survey on more than 60 reported cases in the literature reveals that most of these cases are idiopathic, but some of the cases developed after physical or mechanical trauma, hormonal changes, chronic sun exposure, and medications (OCP, i...

BACKGROUND The Gram stain has been used as an essential tool for antimicrobial stewardship in our hospital since the 1970s. The objective of this study was to clarify the difference in the targeted therapies selected based on the Gram stain and simulated empirical therapies based on the antimicrobial guidelines used in Japan. METHODS A referral-hospital-based prospective descriptive study was...

The tongue manipulates food while chewing and swallowing, dilates the airway during inspiration, and shapes the sounds of speech in humans. While performing these functions the tongue morphs through many complex shapes. At present it is not known how the muscles of the tongue perform these complex shape changes. The difficulty in understanding tongue biomechanics is partly due to gaps in our kn...

The resistance of three silicone and one polyvinyl chloride maxillofacial materials to staining by tea, lipstick, and disclosing solution was measured by reflectance spectrophotometry. Changes in color caused by staining were larger than changes caused by color instability of the base elastomers or pigments under conditions of accelerated aging.