To cite: Khan NA, Morlese J, Khan A. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2015211264 DESCRIPTION A woman with a 1-year history of diplopia presented to the Ophthalmology Clinic in June 2014. She had a known history of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast with metastasis to the bone and had undergone chemotherapy for this. On the day of her consul...

one of the important causes of strabismus in all ages is extraocular muscles paralysis due to 3rd, 4th and 6th cerebral nerve palsies. exact and on-time treatment can result in improvement of deviation, am-blyopia and abnormal head posture. we studied epidemiological characteristics of extraocular muscles paralysis. this retrospective study performed on 131 subjects (58% male). records of patie...

Patients with long-standing unilateral strabismus, such as "sensory" exotropia in the absence of fusion, or esotropia with unilateral amblyopia, typically show bilateral deviations under anesthesia, often symmetric. Forced ductions usually show symmetric muscle tightness. Changes in extraocular muscle lengths thus appear to occur primarily bilaterally, whether fusion is present or not. With ske...

Purpose: We report an unusual case of trabecular carcinoid of the ovary with orbital involvement. Methods: We encountered a 49-year-old woman with a complaint of bilateral proptosis. Ocular examination revealed severe bilateral proptosis and signs of corneal exposure. Orbital CT scan showed massive enlargement of extraocular muscles and optic nerve compression. The patient medical history showe...

PURPOSE Bovine extraocular rectus muscles were examined to map the distribution of elastin and fibrillin in extrafusal tissue and muscle spindles. METHODS Immunohistochemical techniques and immunolocalization were employed to pin-point the placement of molecules relative to muscle fibers. RESULTS Strands containing elastin and fibrillin surrounded all extrafusal fibers. They also covered th...

We report the case of an unusual presentation of myasthenia gravis with tongue atrophy and fasciculation. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition associated with weakness and fatigability of voluntary muscles. In >50%, the initial symptoms and signs are related to extraocular muscle weakness, such as diplopia or ptosis [Tsung K, Seggev JS. An unusual cause of dysphagia. West J Med 1995; 16...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by clinical weakness and progressive necrosis of striated muscle as a consequence of dystrophin deficiency. While all skeletal muscle groups are thought to be affected, enigmatically, the extraocular muscles (EOM) appear clinically unaffected. Here we show that dystrophin deficiency does not result in myonecrosis or pathologically elevated leve...

Received: 25.12.2013; Revised: 25.03.2014; Accepted: 14.05.2014 Fig. 1: MRI shows enlarged hyperintense extraocular muscles (left superior rectus, inferior rectus and medial rectus) retinal vein or artery occlusion. Ocular tonometry showed intraocular pressure of 18 mm Hg. Magnetic resonance imag ing (MRI) showed en larged hyperintense extraocular muscles (left superior rectus, inferior rectus ...