A comprehensive understanding of failure modes solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is key to extending their operational lifetime in the field. In this review, first, specific associated with mature PV technologies, such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), are framed by sources modes, development from early-developmental stages onwards ...

A comprehensive understanding of failure modes solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is key to extending their operational lifetime in the field. In this review, first, specific associated with mature PV technologies, such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), are framed by sources modes, development from early-developmental stages onwards ...

In this paper, we introduce the dual notion of strongly top modules and study some of the basic properties of this class of modules.

We define the notion of almost $n$-layered $QTAG$-modules and study their basic properties. One of the main result is that almost 1-layered modules are almost $(omega+1)$-projective exactly when they are almost direct sum of countably generated modules of length less than or equal to $(omega+1)$. Some other characterizations of this new class are also established.

Let $A$ be a Banach algebra, $\Omega(A)$ be the character space of $A$ and $\alpha\in\Omega(A)$. In this paper, we examine the characteristics of $\alpha$-projective (injective) $A$-modules and demonstrate that these character-based $A$-modules also satisfy well-known classical homological properties on Banach $A$-modules.

in this paper, applying the concept of generalized a-valued norm on a right h  - module and also the notion of ϕ-homomorphism of finsler modules over c  -algebras we rst improve the denition of the finsler module over h  -algebra and then dene ϕ-morphism of finsler modules over h  -algebras. finally we present some results concerning these new ones.

inspired by a recent work of buchweitz and flenner, we show that, for a semidualizing bimodule $c$, $c$--perfect complexes have the ability to detect when a ring is strongly regular.it is shown that there exists a class of modules which admit minimal resolutions of $c$--projective modules.

in this paper, we presented algebroids and crossed modules of algebroids. we also presented pullback crossed module of algebroids and we then define pushout crossed modules of algebroids.

The so called dense pairings were studied mainly by D. Radford in his work on coreflexive coalegbras over fields. They were generalized in a joint paper with J. Gómez-Torrecillas and J. Lobillo to the so called rational pairings over a commutative ground ring R to study the interplay between the comodules of an R-coalgebra C and the modules of an R-algebra A that admits an R-algebra morphism κ ...