This paper presents the rationale for a novel approach to providing expressive, teachable, maintainable, and cost-effective special-purpose languages: A Semantically Enhanced Library Language (a SEL language or a SELL) is a dialect created by supersetting a language using a library and then subsetting the result using a tool that “understands” the syntax and semantics of both the underlying lan...

Two research hypotheses were tested in the research reported here: The first was that nonlinguistic maternal responses to intentional child communication, but not to preintentional communication, will predict later intentional communication but not later language development. The second hypothesis was that linguistic mapping of intentional communication, but not of preintentional communication,...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this investigation was to describe the language growth of children with severe or profound hearing loss with cochlear implants versus those children with the same degree of hearing loss using hearing aids. STUDY DESIGN A prospective longitudinal observation and analysis. SETTING University of Colorado Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences. PATIENTS ...

Orienting biases for speech may provide a foundation for language development. Although human infants show a bias for listening to speech from birth, the relation of a speech bias to later language development has not been established. Here, we examine whether infants' attention to speech directly predicts expressive vocabulary. Infants listened to speech or non-speech in a preferential listeni...

OBJECTIVE Considerable controversy surrounds whether a history of otitis media with effusion (OME) in early childhood causes later speech and language problems. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine: 1) whether a history of OME in early childhood is related to receptive language, expressive language, vocabulary, syntax, or speech development in children 1 to 5 years o...

We integrate an expressive class of description logics (DLs) and answer set programming by extending the latter to support inverted predicates and infinite domains, features that are present in most DLs. The extended language, conceptual logic programming (CLP) proves to be a viable alternative for intuitively representing and reasoning nonmonotonically, in a decidable way, with possibly infini...

We discuss here the need to define what we call an agent conversational language, a language for Embodied Conversational Agents (ECA) to have conversations with a human. We propose a set of Expressive Multimodal Conversation Acts (EMCA), which is based on the Expressive Speech Acts that we introduced in a previous work, enriched with the multimodal expression of the emotions linked to these act...

This paper describes the integration of a facial animation tool (Expressive Talking Heads ETHs) with an adaptive hypermedia formatter (HyperProp formatter). This formatter is able to adjust document presentations based on the document temporal constraints (e.g. synchronization relationships among objects), the presentation platform parameters (e.g. available bandwidth and devices), and the user...