background: phthalates are widely used as plasticizers in polyethylene terephthalate (pet) products. several pharmaceutical products have been stored in pet containers, and due to serious health effects of phthalates, migration levels of them into pharmaceutical products must be determined. in the present study, leaching levels of four common phthalate esters including di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp...

introduction: an ideal intracanal medicament should be able to eliminate any remaining intracanal microorganism. the aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of bioglass 45s5 with calcium hydroxide on enterococcus ( e ) faecalis in-vitro . materials & methods: direct exposure test (det) was used to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of bioglass 45s5, calcium hydroxide and norma...

introduction rabies is a fatal disease and has a threatening risk for the public health. immunosuppression is related to a wide variety of diseases. it is recommended that immunosuppressed patients receive the full post-exposure vaccination, concerning that the immune response may be inadequate. the aim of this study is to determine the level of rabies neutralizing antibody in immunosuppressed ...

background: occupational lead poisoning is common in workers of some industries, but lead hepatotoxicity has rarely been reported. several animal studies have revealed lead induced liver damage but clinical studies concerning the manifestations of lead induced liver toxicity in humans are scares. this study was designed to investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological parameters of h...

allergic rhinitis (ar) is a very frequent disease which is not only characterized by nasal symptoms, but also with behavioural changes. this study evaluated the serum serotonin levels in patients with pollen-induced ar during and outside the pollen season. one-hundred-two  (56 females, 46 males, median age: 28.7 years) were included in this study: 56 with seasonal ar (sar) evaluated outside the...

noise-induced hearing loss, which is one of the 10 leading occupational diseases, is a debilitating and irreversible disease. during the recent 15-years period (1997-2012), several studies have investigated the association between noise, hearing damage and other side effects of noise in iran. the aim of this study was to review systematically the relevant literature related to noise-induced hea...

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background: with the fast growth in the market of fluorescent lamps, particularly compact fluorescent light, the associated risk of mercury exposure, which is an essential component in all types of fluorescent lamps, has received increasing public attention worldwide. even low doses of mercury are toxic. objective: to study the health consequences of occupational exposure to mercury in workers ...

background: respiratory problem is one of the major health hazards in dust-exposed workers; it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. objective: to determine the prevalence of respiratory problems and lung function impairment among quarry workers in ebonyi state, nigeria. methods: respiratory problems and lung function were studied in 403 quarry workers aged 10–60 years...

Generalized estimating equations (Liang and Zeger, 1986) is a widely used, moment-based procedure to estimate marginal regression parameters. However, a subtle and often overlooked point is that valid inference requires the mean for the response at time t to be expressed properly as a function of the complete past, present, and future values of any time-varying covariate. For example, with envi...