Flagellar proteins of bacteria are exported by a specific export apparatus. FliI ATPase forms a complex with FliH and FliJ and escorts export substrates from the cytoplasm to the export gate complex, which is made up of six membrane proteins. The export gate complex utilizes proton motive force across the cytoplasmic membrane for protein translocation, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here we...

BACKGROUND Mental and physical disorders are associated with total disability, but their effects on days with partial disability (i.e. the ability to perform some, but not full-role, functioning in daily life) are not well understood. AIMS To estimate individual (i.e. the consequences for an individual with a disorder) and societal effects (i.e. the avoidable partial disability in the society...

Mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) account for a substantial percentage of familial breast and ovarian cancers. Although BRCA1 is thought to function within the nucleus, it has also been located in the cytoplasm. In addition, BRCA1 accumulates in the nucleus of cells treated with leptomycin B, an inhibitor of chromosome region maintenance 1-mediated nuclear export, ind...

The antibacterial protein Colicin V (ColV) is secreted from gram-negative bacteria by a signal sequence-independent pathway. The proteins that mediate the export of ColV share sequence similarities with components from other signal sequence-independent export systems such as those for alpha-hemolysin (Hly) and Erwinia protease (Prt). We report here that the intact HlyBD export system can export...

This study examines strategic process and export entry choice of small and medium manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The data was collected from a survey of 72 small and mediumsized manufacturers in Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis. Results show that firms’ strategic choice to enter the export market was associated ...

Yeast cells mutated in YRB2, which encodes a nuclear protein with similarity to other Ran-binding proteins, fail to export nuclear export signal (NES)-containing proteins including HIV Rev out of the nucleus. Unlike Xpo1p/Crm1p/exportin, an NES receptor, Yrb2p does not shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm but instead remains inside the nucleus. However, by both biochemical and genetic ...

iran's economy dependence on oil revenues has caused some impacts in the form of commodity price fluctuations on current revenues. accordingly, in the past few years especially in the second development plan, the government included encouragements and reduced the country's dependence on oil revenues in its agenda. agricultural export, especially livestock and poultry export has a proper status ...

abstract export of nonoil goods in economic activities is so important and its effect on economic and comparative growth is undeniable. so, emphasize on agricultural sector and development of export in this sector prepares good conditions, for iran, to be present at international markets relying its advantages. the study tries to recognize necessary policies to enhance agricultural export poten...

The rapid world economic growth have stimulated the businesses towards involvement in international marketplaces due to their low business risks, low commitment of resources and high flexibility. However, the evidence indicates barriers to export are thought to vary across different stages of internationalization. Therefore, this empirical study was carried out to explore export barriers of agr...