Historically, devaluations have played a major role in the economies of the Nordic countries. Within the European Monetary Union (EMU), national exchange rate policy can no longer be used to improve competitiveness of exporting industries, and adjustment pressures caused by changes in international demand and prices by are put on factor markets. In this study price linkages are compared between...

I 1 . The debtor groups and the movement of debt ratios . . . . . . . 159 A . The debtor groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 B . Recent trade developments for the debtor groups . . . . . . 160 C . The evolution of debt ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Ill . Developing country-OECD linkages and the debt model . . . . . . 166 A . The debt model . . . . . . . . . . ....

We explore the effects of trade costs on markups by building a new model consistent with three stylized facts: exporters charge higher markups, markups increase when starting to export, and domestic and foreign sales are negatively correlated, which suggests decreasing returns. We calibrate the model to Chilean data, and simulate reductions in trade costs. Most markups increase along the intens...

ABOUT LADDER LADDER is a research project funded by the Policy Research Programme of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) that seeks to identify alternative routes by which the rural poor can climb out of poverty. LADDER is working with nearly 40 villages and 1,200 households in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi and Kenya to discover the blocking and enabling agencies in the institutio...

Coffee exports are influenced by the exchange rate, price of coffee and amount production. The purpose study was to determine short-term long-term relationship between in 2001-2018. research method is quantitative descriptive using classical assumption test Error Correlation Model (ECM). results VAR that not affected prices, production rupiah rate. were significantly production, prices rate (ex...

Elasticities of demand and supply for South African manufactured exports are estimated using a vector error correction model in order to address simultaneity and non-stationarity issues. Demand is highly price-elastic, with elasticities ranging from –3 to –6. The price elasticity of supply is generally about 1, but some estimates are as low as 0.35. Competitors’ prices and world income are impo...

This article considers application of a clusters approach to the California wine industry. After examining the idea of clusters in the context of industrial-complex economics, agglomeration economics and social network economics, we assess the usefulness of a cluster to consider the competitiveness of the California wine industry for national and global sales, export development and vineyard pr...

High prices are their own worst enemy. Increased profi t margins entice entrepreneurial investment, which results in increased production. Lower market prices inevitably follow. The magic hand of Adam Smith ensures that winners’ gains and losers’ losses will be temporary, as entrepreneurs correct market imbalances. The temporary nature of high prices is well known to corn, soybean, and wheat fa...

The U.S. livestock industry is among the most economically viable in the world, largely as a result of consistently excellent health status. This is due in no small measure to concerted efforts to exclude diseases present in many other areas of the world. The United States is free of most Office International des Epizooties " List A " diseases , all of which are so classified based on their pot...

This paper presents an analysis of the effects of market structure on the propensity of firms to dump goods. The analysis of Brander and Krugman is extended to show that in the presence of transportation costs, bilateral intra-industry trade is not possible without dumping. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, this paper finds that firms in markets with a large number of domestic competitors ar...