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Six hens pecked a key (Experiment 1) or pushed a door (Experiment 2) to obtain food reinforcement. In both experiments and as an analogue of price changes, the response requirements were varied in two ways: by increasing the number of responses required and by increasing the required force of each response. The two price manipulations (response number and response force) had different effects o...

This study aims to determine export price, real GDP, exchange rates, geographic distance, and coal reserves of destination countries on Indonesia value 11 RCEP for period 2010-2019 describe the growth Indonesian 2010-2019. The eleven are China, Australia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, dan Cambodia. used quantitative data with panel regression. r...

Export and Import are very crucial part of our international trade have always been so in the past. helps country to earn dearer foreign exchange which supports imports this promotes economic growth. This study is carried out investigate linkage between exports, import GDPat factor cost at constant price India for period post liberalization from 1991-92 2012-13. It analyzed how exports contribu...

The contribution of this study is to analyze the impact a series economic activities from coal commodity on carbon emission. This research specifically focuses exporting countries in Asia Pacific, including Indonesia and Australia during period 2000 2022. purpose investigate influence between production, consumption export its determinants, also effect applies simultaneous equation approach pan...

We construct a model of participation and bidding at multi-unit, sequential, ascending-price auctions when bidders can potentially have multi-unit demand. We then describe conditions sufficient to characterize a strategic equilibrium of the auction game. Subsequently, we demonstrate that this equilibrium induces an efficient allocation and then propose an algorithm to calculate the expected win...

We discuss bootstrap confidence intervals for short-run and long-run demand and supply elasticities for imports and exports. We use Koshal, Shukla and Koirla’s (1992) simultaneous equation demand and supply model for Indian exports based on 1960-1986 data. Although the long run price elasticity of supply is large, (about 25) and significant, the asymptotic as well as bootstrap confidence interv...

in the present study, pistachio production and trade and influential factors on its exports in iran and the usa are compared the the .using the annual data from 1970 to 2011; this study aimed to analyze the effects of pistachio price and the effects of food security. moreover, the relationship between exchange rate and pistachio export in the iranian economy was analyzed through examining a non...