The forcibly launched spores of ascomycete fungi must eject through several millimeters of nearly still air surrounding fruiting bodies to reach dispersive air flows. Because of their microscopic size, spores experience great fluid drag, and although this drag can aid transport by slowing sedimentation out of dispersive air flows, it also causes spores to decelerate rapidly after launch. We hyp...

—Some species exhibit sex-specific color differences (sexual dichromatism) that are considered important for reproduction. The developmental timing of sexual dichromatism is largely unknown, particularly in amphibians, and is important for informing our basic understanding of sex-specific divergence in the physiology, anatomy, and ecology of species more broadly. Using a controlled laboratory e...

Weldments are particularly susceptible to fracture due to defects, material property variations, and residual stresses created during the welding process. It is common in fracture assessments of welded structures to ignore these features; defects are often idealized to be crack-like, weld properties to be homogeneous, and residual stresses to be uniaxial and tensile or nonexistent. This paper p...

In this study, fatigue test and crack propagation analysis of welded joints in ships and offshore structures were performed. The test models have two types of welded joints, T-joint and double plate. Test data is presented in S-N curves obtained by the Hot Spot Stress (HSS) approach. The S-N data for each length of crack were appraised to define the fatigue life of crack initiation and propagat...

The explosively-growing applications of the Cu-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between organic azides and alkynes (CuAAC) have stimulated an impressive number of reports, in the last years, focusing on recoverable variants of the homogeneous or quasi-homogeneous catalysts. Recent advances in the field are reviewed, with particular emphasis on systems immobilized onto polyme...

Infrastructures, such as roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams, are proliferating explosively. Often, this has serious direct and indirect environmental impacts. We highlight nine issues that should be considered by project proponents to better evaluate and limit the environmental risks of such developments.

Welded joints are a major component that is often responsible for causing a structure failure or for being the point at which fatigue cracking initiates and propagates. Despite tremendous research efforts, the understanding of fatigue behaviour is still limited, particularly for new techniques like laser hybrid welding. Beside a comprehensive state-of-the-art study, the paper presents a fatigue...

Friction stir welding is a relatively new solid-state joining technique which is widely adopted in different industry fields to join different metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. Friction stir welding is a highly complex process comprising several highly coupled physical phenomena. The complex geometry of some kinds of joints and their three dimensional nature ...

In this paper, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based stress monitoring system instrumented on an orthotropic steel deck arch bridge is demonstrated. The FBG sensors are installed at two types of critical fatigue-prone welded joints to measure the strain and temperature signals. A total of 64 FBG sensors are deployed around the rib-to-deck and rib-to-diagram areas at the mid-span and quarter-span of...

In recent years, ExxonMobil has undertaken a comprehensive experimental and numerical program to characterize tensile strain capacity of welded pipelines under different operational, geometric and material property conditions. Key parameters affecting tensile strain capacity have been identified through sensitivity studies and used in a large-scale FEAbased parametric study to develop closed-fo...