OBJECTIVES To quantify the impact of NHS Direct on the use of accident and emergency, ambulance, and general practitioner cooperative services. DESIGN Observational study of trends in use of NHS Direct and other immediate care services over 24 months spanning introduction of NHS Direct. SETTING Three areas in England in first wave of introduction of NHS Direct, and six nearby general practi...

BACKGROUND Hospital partnerships, mergers and cooperatives are arrangements frequently seen as a means of improving health service delivery. Many of the assumptions used in planning hospital cooperatives are not stated clearly and are often based on limited or poor scientific evidence. METHODS This is a protocol for a systematic review, following the Cochrane EPOC methodology. The review aims...

Covid-19 posed several challenges to all organisations in general and social solidarity cooperatives particular. However, the faced by these have unique features arising from their special characteristics compared other types of cooperatives. Therefore it is vital study impacts covid-19. This study has as main goal understand those impact. An exploratory was undertaken ...

H. Tsuruta1; M. Fukumoto2; L. Bax3; A. Kohno4; Y. Morishita4 1Department of Medical Informatics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan; 2Division of Toxicology, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan; 3Pharsight Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA; 4Department of Hematology and Oncolog...

Buyers’ Alliances for Bargaining Power by Suchan Chae and Paul Heidhues We provide a novel explanation as to why forming an alliance of buyers (or sellers) across separate markets can be advantageous when input prices are determined by bargaining. Our explanation helps to understand the prevalence of buyer cooperatives among small and medium sized firms.

This paper analyses the evolution of renewable energy cooperatives, examining all such cooperatives founded in German districts between 2006 and 2016. The rise cooperative form production is a prominent example strong involvement users market formation. We investigate effects ‘institutional relatedness’, arguing that can leverage organizational knowledge legitimacy gained by active other indust...

BACKGROUND Most patients receive healthcare in primary care settings, but relatively little is known about patient safety. Out-of-hours contacts are of particular importance to patient safety. Our aim was to examine the incidence, types, causes, and consequences of patient safety incidents at general practice cooperatives for out-of-hours primary care and to examine which factors were associate...

BACKGROUND The introduction of large-scale out-of-hours GP cooperatives has led to questions about increased distances between the GP cooperatives and the homes of patients and the increasing waiting times for home visits in urgent cases. We studied the relationship between the patient's waiting time for a home visit and the distance to the GP cooperative. Further, we investigated if other fact...

BACKGROUND In recent years out-of-hours primary care in the Netherlands has changed from practice-based to large-scale cooperatives. The purpose of this study is to determine patient satisfaction with current out-of-hours care organised in general practitioner (GP) cooperatives, and gain insight in factors associated with this satisfaction. METHODS From March to June 2003, 2805 questionnaires...

In this study, we use a conventional Probit model to investigate the effects of banks’ cost efficiency on innovation in Italy. particular, assess whether efficiency–innovation relation depends type banking institutions, as partition them according they are cooperatives or non-cooperatives. When examine two types financial intermediaries simultaneously, higher among cooperative banks has positiv...