Abstract Medicines are one of the critical elements a well-functioning healthcare system, but their expiry remains significant challenges in sector. This study aims assessing extent issue and identifying expired medicine types underlying causes some selected public health facilities Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. is mixed-method, which includes both quantitative qualitative compone...

This paper presents a source based reactive protocol called “Energy aware Multipath QoS Routing Protocol with Mobility Prediction (EMQRPMP)” for MANET. It is the enhanced version of the existing protocol called “Power aware Multiple QoS constraints Routing Protocol with Mobility Prediction (PMQRPMP)”. It considers quality of service constraints namely delay, delay-jitter, bandwidth, and cost fo...

If f is a risk measure, the diversification benefit of aggregating portfolio’s A and B is defined to be (1) f(A) + f(B)− f(A + B) When using full revaluation VaR as the methodology for computing a risk measure, its quite possible to get negative diversification. Pathological examples are possible, but the following example is not absurd: Suppose one has a portfolio that is made up by a Trader A...

Recent developments of wireless communication systems have resulted in the availability of heterogeneous access networks at any geographic area. To make use of this heterogeneous environment for vehicular users to access the Internet, in this article we propose a hybrid multi-technology routing (HMTR) protocol for multihop vehicular networks. HMTR takes into account different combinations of wi...

stability study of biological products plays an important role for determination of product changes in maintenance period and ensuring of safety and efficacy of vaccines. in this research, accelerated and long-term stability study performed for six batches of full and reduced-dose cattle iriba strain brucellosis vaccine that manufactured by razi vaccine and serum research institute as a new vac...

【Methods】 Outcome measure; sales volume (DDD/ 1,000inhabitants and day, Quarterly) Selected drugs; ACE inhibitors (ACEs; ATC code C09A) Angiotensin IIantagonists (ARBs; ATC code C09C) Study periods; Jan, 2002 – Dec, 2012 Jan, 2002 – Mar, 2013 Data source; from the Swedish eHealth Agency (e-hälsomyndigheten) Drug sales data (by IMS Japan) Statistical analysis Th...

The aim of the study is to investigate knowledge and sexual practices with reference to correct use of condoms among first year South African University students. The sample consisted of 206 participants, 146 female and 60 male, the mean age was 20.9 years (SD = 3.4), with a range from 17 to 34 years. Results indicated that one third (29.2%) of the sample reported never using condoms, 35.4% alw...

BACKGROUND Celecoxib is a selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor that relieves pain without affecting platelet function, causing gastrointestinal toxic effects, or increasing the risk of bleeding. OBJECTIVES To develop a suspension formulation for oral celecoxib and to determine its physical and chemical stability when packaged in amber polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bottles and stored with refriger...

BACKGROUND Although IVF treatments using cryopreserved embryos are offered by most infertility centres, little is known about patients' opinions regarding treatment using these embryos. The objective of this study is to describe how patients think about (treatment with) cryopreserved embryos. METHODS In-depth interviews based on the method of interpretative phenomenological analysis were cond...

Despite the underlying importance of surveillance systems for the management of HIV/AIDS prevention and control programmes, there has been limited analysis of the quality of HIV/AIDS case-detection and case-reporting systems, beginning with peripheral facilities through to those at national levels. In Mozambique, HIV cases are generally correctly detected despite some unreliable use of test kit...