In France, Justice Jackson’s question about where to look for the meaning of a statute would be phrased in broader terms and would not be limited to the question of whether to look only at the words of a statute or also at the legislative intent. French law starts from the premise that statutes and codes are the foundations of the legal system in the same way that cases are the foundation of th...

Abstract Many scholars have highlighted the individual, organizational and inter-organizational causes of wrongdoing; others focused on its (negative) consequences or analyzed how it can persist spread between organizations. An underlining assumption shared by many those studies is that wrongdoing a deviant, society-damaging phenomenon originating from individual actors’ pursuit undue advantage...

Djankov et al. (2003) introduce a measure of the quality of contract enforcement -the formalism of civil procedure -for 109 countries as of 2000. For 40 of these countries, we compute procedural formalism every year since 1950. We find that large differences in procedural formalism between common and civil law countries existed in 1950 and widened by 2000. For this area of law, the findings are...

The paper examines the causes of judicial errors in administrative proceedings. It has been established that a error proceedings is result activity, which indicates inability judiciary to effectively protect rights, freedoms and interests individuals, rights legal entities from violations by subjects authority. A recognized as an regardless presence or absence fault particular judge who made de...

The spatial diffusion of violent conflict has been a major concern in recent literature on war. Specifically, students of international conflict have come to devote increasing attention to civil war and how various other forms of internal conflict disperse through a region. In this paper, we assess the effect of spatiality and distance on the proliferation of civil conflict and the prospects fo...