We consider the problem of straightening chains in d ≥ 3 dimensions, possibly embedded into higher dimensions, using expansive motions. For any d ≥ 3, we show that there is an open chain in d dimensions that is not straight and not self-touching yet has no expansive motion. Furthermore, for any ∆ > 0 and d ≥ 3, we show that there is an open chain in d dimensions that cannot be straightened usin...

A framework for understanding the geometry of continuous actions of Z was developed by Boyle and Lind using the notion of expansive behavior along lower-dimensional subspaces. For algebraic Z-actions of entropy rank one, the expansive subdynamics is readily described in terms of Lyapunov exponents. Here we show that periodic point counts for elements of an entropy rank one action determine the ...

Extreme, extended wet and dry seasons increase the adverse effects that soil wetting drying cycles have on response of shallow geotechnical structures. In expansive soils, volumetric changes due to water content variations may result in incompatibility deformations at soil-structure interface. This study proposes a physical approach numerical model address soil-atmosphere-structure interactions...

The chemical composition of pore fluid and matric suction rule the mechanical behaviour soils. In case clays, their fabric changes in line with those variables. Since both increase salinity cause a transition from an open to close microstructure low medium activity clayey materials, unique framework could tackle problems where saturation are expected. This paper presents simple elasto-plastic m...

Unsaturated soil is a form of natural whose pores are filled by air and water. Different from saturated soil, the microstructure unsaturated consists three phases, namely, solid phase (soil particle), vapor phase, liquid phase. Due to matric suction pores, hydraulic mechanical behaviors soils present significant dependence on moisture condition, which usually results in series unpredictable ris...

A framework for understanding the geometry of continuous actions of Z was developed by Boyle and Lind using the notion of expansive behavior along lower-dimensional subspaces. For algebraic Z-actions of entropy rank one, the expansive subdynamics is readily described in terms of Lyapunov exponents. Here we show that periodic point counts for elements of an entropy rank one action determine the ...

We investigate the interrelationships between the dynamical properties of commuting continuous maps of a compact metric space. Let X be a compact metric space. First we show the following. If τ : X → X is an expansive onto continuous map with the pseudo-orbit tracing property (POTP) and if there is a topologically mixing continuous map φ : X → X with τφ = φτ , then τ is topologically mixing. If...

Expansive soils are generally considered problematic due to undesirable geotechnical characteristics like expansion, shrinking, settlement, and heaving. Such have low shear strength which decreases after wetting or other physical aggravations. Subsequently, such need proper improvement before constructing a structure on them. Different industrial wastes been used for the stabilization of weak s...

The Jamshoro soil is a weak and expansive soil. construction of infrastructure on such soils has resulted severe damages huge maintenance costs. Thus, it needs treatment to enhance its geotechnical properties. This research work investigates the effects chemical stabilizers as lime, fly ash, silica fume compaction consolidation characteristics Jamshoro. were added individually in different prop...

Both osmotic and matric suction changes have a significant influence on the mechanical behaviour of clays. Despite different types interactions at microstructural level, both suctions havea relevant effect fabric non-expansive Starting from experimental observations laboratory scale, it is possible to identify some common features characterizing response clays salinity degree saturation changes...