Hydrodynamics is applied to describe the dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The focus of the present study is the influence of a possible (phase) transition to the quark–gluon plasma in the nuclear matter equation of state on collective observables, such as the lifetime of the system and the transverse directed flow of matter. It is shown that such a transition leads to a softening ...

Hydrodynamics is applied to describe the dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The focus of the present study is the influence of a possible (phase) transition to the quark–gluon plasma in the nuclear matter equation of state on collective observables, such as the lifetime of the system and the transverse directed flow of matter. It is shown that such a transition leads to a softening ...

Previous studies have shown that a physiologically based model using motion-opponent operators to compute heading performs accurately for simulated observer translations. Here we show how this model can explain an illusory shift in the perceived focus of expansion of a radial flow field that occurs when a field of laterally moving dots is superimposed on a field of radially moving dots. Further...

This paper presents a powerless valving system for fluid flow in two-dimensional paper networks (2DPN) using swellable polymer actuators. The valving system is based on solvent-triggered expansion of strategically-located expanding polymer actuators; both physically disconnected paper channels that become connected (on-switch) and connected paper channels that become disconnected (off-switch) w...

Since the vessels in the biological tissues are characterized by low seepage Reynolds numbers and contracting or expanding walls, more attention is paid on the viscous flow outside the porous pipe with small expansion or contraction. This paper presents a numerical solution of the flow and heat transfer outside an expanding or contracting porous cylinder. The coupled nonlinear similarity equati...